Machine learning identification of edible vegetable oils from fatty acid compositions and hyperspectral images.

Hyperspectral imaging analysis combined with machine learning was applied to identify eight edible vegetable oils, and its classification performance was compared with the chemical method based on fatty acid compositions. Furthermore, the degree of adulteration in vegetable oils was quantitatively investigated using machine learning-enabled hyperspectral approaches. The hyperspectral absorbance spectra of palm oil with a high degree of saturation were distinctly different from those of the other liquid oils.

Machine learning-enabled hyperspectral approaches for structural characterization of precooked noodles during refrigerated storage.

The structural features of precooked noodles during refrigerated storage were non-destructively characterized using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology along with conventional analytical methods. The precooked noodles displayed a more rigid texture and restricted water mobility over the storage period, derived from the recrystallization of starch. Dimensionality reduction techniques revealed robust correlations between the storage duration and HSI absorbance of the noodles, and from their loading plots, the specific peaks of the noodles related to their structural changes were identified at wavelengths of around 1160 and 1400 nm.

Metabolic Exploration for Cyhalofop-Butyl Antagonism in Barnyardgrass [ (L.) P. Beauv.] Following Pretreatment of Malathion.

The present study investigated the effects of broad-spectrum metabolic inhibitors malathion (cytochrome P450 inhibitor) and/or 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD-Cl; glutathione -transferase inhibitor) on the metabolism of cyhalofop-butyl (CyB) in barnyardgrass [ (L.) P. Beauv.

Exploratory Analysis on Herbicide Metabolism and Very-Long-Chain Fatty Acid Production in Metolachlor-Resistant Palmer Amaranth ( S. Wats.).

A Palmer amaranth ( S. Wats.) biotype resistant to -metolachlor was confirmed from crop fields in Arkansas, USA.

Absorption, translocation, and metabolism of atrazine, carbamazepine, and sulfamethoxazole by the macrophyte Orange King Humbert canna lily (Canna × generalis L.H. Bailey (pro sp.) [glauca × indica]).

Canna × generalis L.H. Bailey (pro sp.

Uptake of endosulfan isomers from soils by leafy vegetable lettuce: A comparative study between model-predicted and field-experimented results.

The organochlorine insecticide endosulfan has been classified as a persistent organic pollutant due to its long persistence and high toxicity, and banned in most countries. However, endosulfan residues are still detected in various environmental sites (even in non-agricultural areas) and have a likelihood to return to agricultural soils through various routes. In this study, time-dependent uptake of α- and β-isomers of endosulfan by lettuce from soils was estimated using theoretical models which include parameters describing sorption/dissipation in soil and plants, plant transpiration, root-soil transfer, and plant growth.

Cross-resistance of barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.] to aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides.

Managing emerged weeds that have evolved resistance to acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides is a challenging task. A dose-response experiment was conducted on barnyardgrass biotypes resistant (R) and susceptible (S) to three aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides cyhalofop-butyl (CyB), fenoxaprop-ethyl (FeE), and quizalofop-ethyl (QuE) along with investigations into the potential resistance mechanism of these biotypes. The tested R barnyardgrass biotypes had strong resistance to CyB and FeE (resistant/susceptible ratio: 7.

Large-scale evaluation of physical drift and volatility of 2,4-D choline in cotton: a four-year field study.

Background: Cotton with resistance to 2,4-d choline, glufosinate and glyphosate allows over-the-top use of these herbicides for postemergence weed control. Nontransgenic cotton is highly responsive to low rates of 2,4-d, causing concern among farmers when the herbicide is applied near the crop. Injury to nearby cotton following application of 2,4-d choline is sometimes blamed on volatilization of the herbicide.

Absorption, translocation, and metabolism of florpyrauxifen-benzyl and cyhalofop-butyl in cyhalofop-butyl-resistant barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.].

Dose-response experiments were conducted to assess the sensitivity of one susceptible and three putative resistant (R1, R2, and R3) barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.

Non-target-site resistance mechanism of barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.] to florpyrauxifen-benzyl.

Background: Florpyrauxifen-benzyl (FPB) is an arylpicolinate herbicide (Group IV) for barnyardgrass control in rice. One susceptible (Sus) and three putative FPB-resistant (R1, R2, and R3) barnyardgrass biotypes were selected based on resistant/susceptible (R/S) ratios obtained from dose-response tests and used to investigate the potential resistance mechanisms.

Results: Based on visual control results, the R/S ratios of barnyardgrass biotypes R1, R2, and R3 were 60-, 33-, and 16-fold greater than the Sus standard, respectively.

Removal of organochlorine insecticide endosulfan in water and soil by Fenton reaction with ascorbic acid and various iron resources.

An assortment of Fenton (or Fenton-like) reaction treatment systems using various iron resources such as ferrous sulfate, ferric nitrate, commercial zerovalent iron (mZVI), or self-made ZVI (Fe-nanowire) were evaluated to effectively remove α- and β-isomers of endosulfan (ED) from contaminated water and soil. Ascorbic acid (AA) was added as a chelation reagent to maintain the aqueous reaction of soluble iron. In the aqueous experiment, a combined treatment of 1% mZVI, 0.

Enhanced dissipation of trace level organic contaminants by floating treatment wetlands established with two macrophyte species: A mesocosm study.

This study evaluated removal efficiencies of six contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in floating treatment wetland (FTW) mesocosms established with either Japanese Sweetflag (Acorus gramineus Sol. ex Aiton) or canna lilies (Canna Hybrida L. 'Orange King Humbert').

Potential use of floating treatment wetlands established with for removing organic contaminants from surface water.

Surface water bodies worldwide may be contaminated with various organic contaminants. In many cases, the actual toxicity thresholds to nontarget organisms are unknown, thus presenting unknown risks. This study evaluated the potential use of floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) planted with (common name: Canna) for removing two pharmaceuticals (acetaminophen and carbamazepine) and one herbicide (atrazine) from contaminated water.

Accumulation characteristics of endosulfan soil residues in soybean and reduction in their phytoavailability by treatment with powdered activated carbon.

Powdered activated carbon (PAC) has been utilized for sorptive remediation of environmental sites contaminated with various organic chemicals. In the present study, time-dependent sorption/desorption characteristics of the α- and β-isomers and a sulfate-metabolite of endosulfan (ED) were investigated in PAC-amended soils to determine the optimal PAC amendment dosage. Subsequently, ED phytoavailability to soybean (Glycine max Merr.

Dissipation of fomesafen in fumigated, anaerobic soil disinfestation-treated, and organic-amended soil in Florida tomato production systems.

Background: Fumigated, anaerobic soil disinfestation-treated (ASD), and organic-amended soil management strategies have been investigated as potential methyl bromide (MBr) alternatives for controlling diseases, nematodes, and weeds in soil. Nutsedge and broadleaf weed control using fomesafen has been reported to be comparable to MBr in normal cropping systems. There is no information on the fate of fomesafen used in combination with alternative practices.

Immunomagnetic separation and size-based detection of O157 at the meniscus of a membrane strip.

We developed a facile method for the detection of pathogenic bacteria using gold-coated magnetic nanoparticle clusters (Au@MNCs) and porous nitrocellulose strips. Au@MNCs were synthesized and functionalized with half-fragments of O157 antibodies. After the nanoparticles were used to capture O157 in milk and dispersed in a buffer solution, one end of a test strip was dipped into the solution.

Improved dissipation kinetic model to estimate permissible pre-harvest residue levels of pesticides in apples.

Prediction of residual concentrations of applied pesticides during the pre-harvest period may be required to ensure the safety of agricultural products. In this study, time-dependent dissipation trends of carbaryl (CB), kresoxim-methyl (KM), flubendiamide (FB), flufenoxuron (FN), bitertanol (BT), and chlorantraniliprole (CN) applied to apples at recommended and threefold greater doses were modeled to estimate pre-harvest residue limit concentrations (C) indicating permissible pesticide concentrations during the pre-harvest period. Double-exponential (DE) model results best fit the dissipation trends of all tested pesticides (correlation coefficients of 0.

Bioconcentration factor-based management of soil pesticide residues: Endosulfan uptake by carrot and potato plants.

Uptake characteristics of endosulfan (ED), including α-, β-isomers and sulfate-metabolites, from the soils by carrot and potato plants were investigated to establish a method that may be used to calculate recommended permissible soil contaminant concentrations (C) at time of planting so that maximum residue level (MRL) standards are not exceeded. The residues of ED were analyzed in soils treated with ED at concentrations of either 2 or 10 mg kg soil and in the plants (carrots and potatoes) grown in such soils for 60-90 d. Presence of plants increased ED dissipation rates in soils in patterns that were best fit to a double-exponential decay model (R of 0.

Comparison of theoretical and experimental values for plant uptake of pesticide from soil.

Pesticides that persist in soils may be taken up by the roots of plants. One way to assess plant uptake is to theoretically predict the extent of plant uptake using a mathematical model. In this study, a model was developed to predict plant uptake of pesticide residues in soils using various parameters, such as pesticide mobility within soil, plant transpiration stream, root-soil transfer rate, plant growth, and pesticide dissipation in either soils or plants.

Direct immobilization of antibodies on Zn-doped FeO nanoclusters for detection of pathogenic bacteria.

Zinc-doped magnetic nanoclusters (Zn-MNCs) were synthesized and used to detect pathogenic bacteria in milk. Hydrothermally synthesized Zn-MNCs exhibited stronger magnetic properties than pure MNCs, which facilitated the magnetic separation from the sample using a permanent magnet. The presence of accessible Zn sites allows the direct immobilization of half-fragmented antibodies over Zn-MNCs through strong ZnS bonds and prevents the tedious multiple steps of molecular functionalization or coating with costly noble metals prior to conjugation with an antibody.

Plant Uptake and Distribution of Endosulfan and Its Sulfate Metabolite Persisted in Soil.

The distributions of endosulfan (ED) residues (α-, β-isomers, and sulfate-metabolite) in cucumbers grown in soils treated with ED at concentrations of 20 and 40 mg kg-1 were assessed using indoor and outdoor experiments. In all treatments, degradation rates of the α-isomer in soils were higher than that of the β-isomer. In the indoor tests, uptake amounts of total ED by cucumbers, after 15 d of growth, were 7.

Interpretation and estimation for dynamic mobility of chlorpyrifos in soils containing different organic matters.

The adsorption and removal behaviors of the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos in two soils (AS and GW soils) with different organic matter contents were investigated to predict the dynamic residues in the soil environment. The adsorption test showed that the chlorpyrifos adsorptive power for the AS soil containing high organic matter content was greater than that for the GW soil. The extent of the time-dependent removal of chlorpyrifos in the tested soils was not significantly different except at 90 days after the treatment.