Crystal Growth and Structure Analysis of CeWO: A Complex Oxide Containing Tungsten in an Unusual Trigonal Prismatic Coordination Environment.

The noncentrosymmetric tungstate oxide, CeWO, was synthesized for the first time as high-quality single crystals via the molten chloride flux method and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound is a structural analogue to the previously reported LaWO, which crystallizes in the hexagonal space group P6̅2c. The +3 oxidation state of cerium in CeWO was achieved via the in situ reduction of Ce(IV) to Ce(III) using Zn metal.

Compositional and Structural Versatility in an Unusual Family of anti-Perovskite Fluorides: [Cu(H2O)4]3[(MF6)(M'F6)].

A series of six anti-perovskite fluorides of the type [Cu(H2O)4]3(M1-xM'xF6)2 (where M and M' = V, Cr, Mn, Fe as well as M = Fe and M' = V and Cr) was synthesized as high-quality single crystals via a mild hydrothermal route. These materials belong to a class of perovskite-based structures in which the anions and cations of the regular ABX3 perovskite structure have exchanged positions. Two complex anions, MF6(3-) and M'F6(3-), occupy the normal A and B cation positions, while three complex cations, [Cu(H2O)4](2+), occupy the normally anionic X positions.

New Lanthanide Mixed-Valent Vanadium(III/IV) Oxosilicates, Ln4V(5-x)Zn(x)Si4O22 (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, and Nd), Crystallizing in a Quasi Two-Dimensional Rutile-Based Structure.

A family of lanthanide mixed-valent vanadium(III/IV) oxosilicates Ln4V(5-x)Zn(x)Si4O22 (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, and Nd) was synthesized as high-quality single crystals via a high-temperature molten salt method. An in situ reduction of V(V) to V(III/IV) as well as of Ce(IV) to Ce(III) was achieved utilizing Zn metal as the reducing agent, some of which is incorporated into the crystal structure. Ce4V(4.

A2MnU3O11 (A = K, Rb) and Li3.2Mn1.8U6O22: Three New Alkali-Metal Manganese Uranium(VI) Oxides Related to Natrotantite.

Single crystals of three new alkali-metal manganese uranium oxides, K2MnU3O11, Rb2MnU3O11, and Li3.2Mn1.8U6O22, have been grown from molten chloride fluxes and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

Synthesis of the Layered Quaternary Uranium-Containing Oxide Cs2Mn3U6O22 and Characterization of its Magnetic Properties.

A layered quaternary uranium-containing oxide, Cs2Mn3U6O22, was crystallized from a cesium chloride flux. The crystal structure was determined to consist of α-U3O8 topological layers that are separated by alternating cesium and manganese layers. This ordered arrangement creates a separation between manganese layers of 13 Å, leading to complex low-dimensional magnetic properties.

Crystal growth of four oxovanadium(IV) tartrates prepared via a mild two-step hydrothermal method: observation of spin-dimer behavior and second harmonic generation.

Four new oxovanadium(IV) tartrates, namely, A2[(VO)2(C4H4O6)(C4H2O6)(H2O)2]·(H2O)2, where A = Cs, 1, Rb, 2; K2[(VO)2(C4H2O6)2(H2O)2]·(H2O)2, 3; and Na2[(VO)2(C4H4O6)(C4H2O6)(H2O)7]·(H2O)2, 4, were prepared utilizing a two-step, mild hydrothermal route involving l-(+)-tartaric acid as the reducing agent. All four compounds were structurally characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction methods and were found to crystallize in the non-centrosymmetric orthorhombic space groups P212121 for 1, 2, and 4 and C2221 for 3. The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility of these compounds was measured, and 1, 2, and 4 were found to be paramagnetic down to 2 K, while 3 was found to exhibit spin-dimer behavior.

Trivalent cation-controlled phase space of new U(IV) fluorides, Na3MU6F30 (M = Al(3+), Ga(3+), Ti(3+), V(3+), Cr(3+), Fe(3+)): mild hydrothermal synthesis including an in situ reduction step, structures, optical, and magnetic properties.

A series of new, complex U(IV) fluorides, namely, Na3MU6F30 (M = Al(3+), Ga(3+), Ti(3+), V(3+), Cr(3+), and Fe(3+)), containing trivalent transition- and main-group metal cations were synthesized via an in situ reduction step of U(VI) to U(IV). Single crystals of the series were grown in high yield under mild hydrothermal conditions and were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The reported compounds crystallize in the trigonal space group P3̅c1 and exhibit complex crystal structures with a three-dimensional (3-D) framework composed of corner- and edge-shared UF9 polyhedra.

Novel buried inverse-trapezoidal micropattern for dual-sided light extracting backlight unit.

We devised a novel buried inverse-trapezoidal (BIT) micropattern that can enable light extracting to both front and back sides of the backlight unit (BLU). The proposed BLU comprised of only a single-sheet light-guide plate (LGP) having the BIT micropatterns only on the top surface of the LGP. The proposed BLU shows normal directional light emitting characteristics to both the front and back sides of the LGP and successfully acts as a planer light source for a dual-sided LCD.

Photoluminescent and magnetic properties of lanthanide containing apatites: NaxLn10-x(SiO4)6O2-yFy, CaxLn10-x(SiO4)6O2-yFy (Ln = Eu, Gd, and Sm), Gd9.34(SiO4)6O2, and K1.32Pr8.68(SiO4)6O1.36F0.64.

Single crystals of NaEu(9)(SiO(4))(6)O(2), Na(1.5)Eu(8.5)(SiO(4))(6)OF, Na(1.

Mild hydrothermal crystal growth, structure, and magnetic properties of ternary U(IV) containing fluorides: LiUF5, KU2F9, K7U6F31, RbUF5, RbU2F9, and RbU3F13.

Single crystals of several ternary alkali uranium fluorides, LiUF5, KU2F9, K7U6F31, RbUF5, RbU2F9, and RbU3F13, have been obtained in a mild hydrothermal process using UO2(CH3CO2)2(H2O)2 as the uranium source. Their crystal structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The uranium in the starting reagent was successfully reduced from U(6+) to U(4+) in a dilute hydrofluoric acid environment, aided by the presence of a copper salt.

Application of a mild hydrothermal approach containing an in situ reduction step to the growth of single crystals of the quaternary U(IV)-containing fluorides Na4MU6F30 (M = Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) crystal growth, structures, and magnetic properties.

A family of rare U(IV)-containing quaternary fluorides, Na4MU6F30 (M = Mn(2+), Co(2+), Ni(2+), Cu(2+), and Zn(2+)), was synthesized in single crystal form via a mild hydrothermal technique utilizing an in situ U(VI) to U(IV) reduction step. The modified hydrothermal route is described, and the conditions to obtain single crystals in high yield are detailed. The crystal structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction.

High throughput ultralong (20 cm) nanowire fabrication using a wafer-scale nanograting template.

Nanowires are being actively explored as promising nanostructured materials for high performance flexible electronics, biochemical sensors, photonic applications, solar cells, and secondary batteries. In particular, ultralong (centimeter-long) nanowires are highly attractive from the perspective of electronic performance, device throughput (or productivity), and the possibility of novel applications. However, most previous works on ultralong nanowires have issues related to limited length, productivity, difficult alignment, and deploying onto the planar substrate complying with well-matured device fabrication technologies.

U3F12(H2O), a noncentrosymmetric uranium(IV) fluoride prepared via a convenient in situ route that creates U4+ under mild hydrothermal conditions.

A new noncentrosymmetric U(4+)-containing fluoride, U3F12(H2O), has been synthesized via a mild hydrothermal route and its crystal structure determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The material exhibits a complex three-dimensional structure that is based on [U6F33(H2O)2)](9-) hexanuclear building units consisting of corner- and edge-shared UF8, UF9, and UOF7 polyhedra. Powder second-harmonic generation (SHG) measurements revealed that the SHG efficiency for U3F12(H2O) is comparable to that of α-SiO2.

Crystal growth, structure, polarization, and magnetic properties of cesium vanadate, Cs2V3O8: a structure-property study.

Cesium vanadate, Cs2V3O8, a member of the fresnoite-type structure, was synthesized via a hydrothermal route and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Cs2V3O8 crystallizes in a noncentrosymmetric polar space group, P4bm, with crystal data of a = 8.9448(4) Å, c = 6.

Actively transparent display with enhanced legibility based on an organic light-emitting diode and a cholesteric liquid crystal blind panel.

Transparent display is one of the most promising concepts among the next generation information display devices. Nevertheless, conventional transparent displays have two inherent problems: low forward light efficiency due to the light being emitted also in a backward direction; and low legibility due to the visual interruption caused by the light coming from the background. In this work, a cholesteric liquid crystal (Ch-LC) based, actively operational blind panel is combined with transparent organic light-emitting diodes (TR-OLEDs) to recycle the light wasted by backward propagation in transparent displays while blocking the light from behind the display, pursuing both improved forward light efficiency and enhanced image legibility.

Crystal growth, structural characterization, and magnetic properties of new uranium(IV) containing mixed metal oxalates: Na2U2M(C2O4)6(H2O)4 (M = Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, and Zn2+).

A series of new mixed-metal oxalates containing U(4+) and divalent transition metal cations, Na(2)U(2)M(C(2)O(4))(6)(H(2)O)(4) (M = Mn(2+), Fe(2+), Co(2+), and Zn(2+)), were synthesized via a hydrothermal route and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. All of the materials are triclinic, with space group P1. The three-dimensional structure of these isostructural uranates consists of oxalate bridged UO(10) and MO(6) polyhedra.

The role of polar, lamdba (Λ)-shaped building units in noncentrosymmetric inorganic structures.

A methodology for the design of polar, inorganic structures is demonstrated here with the packing of lambda (Λ)-shaped basic building units (BBUs). Noncentrosymmetric (NCS) solids with interesting physical properties can be created with BBUs that lack an inversion center and are likely to pack into a polar configuration; previous methods to construct these solids have used NCS octahedra as BBUs. Using this methodology to synthesize NCS solids, one must increase the coordination of the NCS octahedra with maintenance of the noncentrosymmetry of the bulk.

Two new noncentrosymmetric (NCS) polar oxides: syntheses, characterization, and structure-property relationships in BaMTe2O7 (M = Mg2+ or Zn2+).

Two new noncentrosymmetric (NCS) polar oxides, BaMgTe(2)O(7) and BaZnTe(2)O(7), have been synthesized and characterized, with their crystal structures determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The iso-structural materials exhibit structures consisting of layers of corner-shared MgO(5) or ZnO(5), Te(6+)O(6), and Te(4+)O(4) polyhedra that are separated by Ba(2+) cations. The Te(4+) cation is found in a highly asymmetric and polar coordination environment attributable to its stereoactive lone-pair.

New vanadium selenites: centrosymmetric Ca2(VO2)2(SeO3)3(H2O)2, Sr2(VO2)2(SeO3)3, and Ba(V2O5)(SeO3), and noncentrosymmetric and polar A4(VO2)2(SeO3)4(Se2O5) (A = Sr2+ or Pb2+).

Five new vanadium selenites, Ca(2)(VO(2))(2)(SeO(3))(3)(H(2)O)(2), Sr(2)(VO(2))(2)(SeO(3))(3), Ba(V(2)O(5))(SeO(3)), Sr(4)(VO(2))(2)(SeO(3))(4)(Se(2)O(5)), and Pb(4)(VO(2))(2)(SeO(3))(4)(Se(2)O(5)), have been synthesized and characterized. Their crystal structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The compounds exhibit one- or two-dimensional structures consisting of corner- and edge-shared VO(4), VO(5), VO(6), and SeO(3) polyhedra.

"A" cation polarity control in ACuTe2O7 (A = Sr2+, Ba2+, or Pb2+).

The synthesis and characterization of ACuTe(2)O(7) (A = Sr(2+), Ba(2+), or Pb(2+)) have been carried out. Interestingly, SrCuTe(2)O(7) and PbCuTe(2)O(7) are centrosymmetric and isostructural, whereas BaCuTe(2)O(7) is noncentrosymmetric and polar. All of the materials contain [CuTe(2)O(7)](2-) layers stacked along the b-axis direction that are separated by the "A" cations.

BiO(IO3): a new polar iodate that exhibits an aurivillius-type (Bi2O2)2+ layer and a large SHG response.

A new noncentrosymmetric (NCS) and polar material containing two lone-pair cations, Bi(3+) and I(5+), and exhibiting an Aurivillius-type (Bi(2)O(2))(2+) layer has been synthesized and structurally characterized. The material, BiO(IO(3)), exhibits strong second-harmonic generation (SHG), ∼12.5 × KDP (or ∼500 × α-SiO(2)), using 1064 nm radiation, and is found in the NCS polar orthorhombic space group Pca2(1) (No.

A3V5O14 (A = K+, Rb+, or Tl+), new polar oxides with a tetragonal tungsten bronze related structural topology: synthesis, structure, and functional properties.

Three polar noncentrosymmetric (NCS) oxide materials, A(3)V(5)O(14) (A = K(+), Rb(+), or Tl(+)), have been synthesized by hydrothermal and conventional solid state techniques. Their crystal structures and functional properties (second-harmonic generation, piezoelectricity, and polarization) have been determined. The iso-structural materials exhibit a layered structural topology that consists of corner-sharing VO(4) tetrahedra and VO(5) square pyramids.

Noncentrosymmetry in new templated gallium fluorophosphates.

Two new noncentrosymmetric polar gallium fluorophosphates have been synthesized under mild hydrothermal conditions through the use of enantiomorphically pure sources of either R-2-methylpiperazine or S-2-methylpiperazine. A centrosymmetric analogue was also prepared using a racemic source of the amine. Novel [Ga(3)F(PO(4))(4)](n)(4n-) layers, constructed from [Ga(3)O(3)F(PO(4))(4)] building units, are observed in all three compounds.

Second-harmonic generation and crystal structure of the diamond-like semiconductors Li(2)CdGeS(4) and Li(2)CdSnS(4).

The semiconductors Li(2)CdGeS(4) and Li(2)CdSnS(4), which are of interest for their nonlinear optical properties, were synthesized using high-temperature solid-state and polychalcogenide flux syntheses. Both compounds were found to crystallize in Pmn2(1), with R1 (for all data) = 1.93% and 1.