Anti-Melanogenic Effects of a Polysaccharide Isolated from Sporophyll Extracts.

is a temperate brown alga known to exert free radical-scavenging and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated the skin-whitening effects of sporophyll extracts (UPEs) in α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells. The crude polysaccharide fraction (UPF) was obtained via ethanol precipitation.

Thermodynamic phase control of Cu-Sn alloy electrocatalysts for selective CO reduction.

In the electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CORR), Cu alloy electrocatalysts can control the CORR selectivity by modulating the intermediate binding energy. Here, we report the thermodynamic-based Cu-Sn bimetallic phase control in heterogeneous catalysts for selective CO conversion. Starting from the thermodynamic understanding about Cu-Sn bimetallic compounds, we established the specific processing window for Cu-Sn bimetallic phase control.

The Antioxidant Activity of Sporophyll Extract Obtained Using Ultrasonication: A Focus on Crude Polysaccharide Extraction Using Ethanol Precipitation.

, a marine biological resource from which antioxidants such as polysaccharides can be obtained, is primarily distributed in the coastal areas of East Asia. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for physiological processes; however, excess ROS levels in the body result in cellular oxidative damage. Several extraction methods exist; however, factors such as long extraction times and high temperatures degrade polysaccharides.

Withdrawn as duplicate: Shade represses photosynthetic genes by disrupting the DNA binding of GOLDEN2-LIKE1.

This article has been withdrawn due to an error that caused the article to be duplicated. The definitive version of this article is published under DOI https://doi.org/10.

Shade represses photosynthetic genes by disrupting the DNA binding of GOLDEN2-LIKE1.

PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs) repress photosynthetic genes partly by upregulating REPRESSOR OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC GENES 1 (RPGE1) and RPGE2. However, it is unknown how RPGEs inhibit gene expression at the molecular level. Here, we show that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) RPGE overexpression lines display extensive similarities to the golden2-like 1 (glk1)/glk2 double mutant at the phenotypic and transcriptomic levels, prompting us to hypothesize that there is a close molecular relationship between RPGEs and chloroplast development-regulating GLK transcription factors.

Investigation of Flow Changes in Intracranial Vascular Disease Models Constructed with MRA Images.

This study aimed to develop a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-compatible flow delivery system and individualized models of circle of Willis (CoW), which include 50% and 100% blockage in internal carotid artery (ICA50 and ICA100), and 100% blockage in vertebral artery (VA100). Images were obtained using 3D time-of-flight and phase-contrast magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) sequences, and changes in velocity and flow direction at CoW models were analyzed. For the ICA50 and VA100 models, the flow was similar to that of the normal model.

EARLY STARVATION 1 Is a Functionally Conserved Protein Promoting Gravitropic Responses in Plants by Forming Starch Granules.

Starch granules in the endodermis of plant hypocotyls act as statoliths that promote hypocotyl negative gravitropism-the directional growth of hypocotyls against gravity-in the dark. To identify the molecular components that regulate hypocotyl negative gravitropism, we performed a mutagenesis screen and isolated () mutants that lack starch granules in their hypocotyl endodermis and show reduced hypocotyl negative gravitropism in the dark. Using whole genome sequencing, we identified three different mutants that are allelic to the previously reported mutant, which is rapidly depleted of starch just before the dawn.

Epitaxial Growth of Nanostructured Li Se on Lithium Metal for All Solid-State Batteries.

Lithium is considered to be the ultimate anode material for high energy-density rechargeable batteries. Recent emerging technologies of all solid-state batteries based on sulfide-based electrolytes raise hope for the practical use of lithium, as it is likely to suppress lithium dendrite growth. However, such devices suffer from undesirable side reactions and a degradation of electrochemical performance.

COVID-19 in South Korea: epidemiological and spatiotemporal patterns of the spread and the role of aggressive diagnostic tests in the early phase.

Background: South Korea experienced the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in the early period; thus data from this country could provide significant implications for global mitigation strategies. This study reports how COVID-19 has spread in South Korea and examines the effects of rapid widespread diagnostic testing on the spread of the disease in the early epidemic phase.

Methods: We collected daily data on the number of confirmed cases, tests and deaths due to COVID-19 from 20 January to 13 April 2020.

PIF1 Regulates Plastid Development by Repressing Photosynthetic Genes in the Endodermis.

Mutations in Phytochrome Interacting Factors (PIFs) induce a conversion of the endodermal amyloplasts necessary for gravity sensing to plastids with developed thylakoids accompanied by abnormal activation of photosynthetic genes in the dark. In this study, we investigated how PIFs regulate endodermal plastid development by performing comparative transcriptome analysis. We show that both endodermal expression of PIF1 and global expression of the PIF quartet induce transcriptional changes in genes enriched for nuclear-encoded photosynthetic genes such as LHCA and LHCB.

Device/Circuit co-design guide for passive memristor array with non-linear current-voltage behavior.

In this paper, the non-linearity in memristor's current-voltage relationship that can affect half-selected cells is analyzed. From the simulation, for the V(DD)/2 scheme, if the non-linear coefficient is larger than 8, unwanted resistance loss during the write time can be suppressed less than 10%. Comparing the V(DD)/2 and V(DD)/3 scheme, the V(DD)/2 scheme can reduce the current consumption by 2 orders of magnitude with little larger resistance change in half-selected cells than the V(DD)/3.