Revisiting the basis of the excited states for solvated fluorinated benzenes and pentafluorophenylalanine.

Vapor-phase molecular simulation studies of aromatic compounds with five or more fluorine atoms on the ring reveal emission spectra characterized by S → πσ* and πσ*→S transitions. In this study, the absorption, excitation, and solvent-dependent emission spectra of fluorinated benzenes, including pentaflurophenyalanine (F5Phe), which is a potential marker for biochemical research, were collected and compared to the results of the simulation. Time-dependent self-consistent field (TD-SCF) density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to examine the nature of excited states and relevant photo-physical processes.

Short- and Long-Term Structural Characterization of Cured-in-Place Pipe Liner with Reinforced Glass Fiber Material.

Cured-in-place pipe (CIPP), as a kind of trenchless sewer rehabilitation technology, is a method to repair sewer pipe using unsaturated polyester resin. This study develops a CIPP liner using hot water or steam curing as well as glass fiber, in contrast to traditional methods, which use nonwoven fabric. Composite material samples were fabricated by combining liner materials using various methods, and the structural characteristics of the liners were compared and analyzed through short- and long-term flexural strength tests.

Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide in Septic Tanks for Treating Black Water via an Immobilized Media of Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria.

In South Korea, the installation of septic tanks for treating black water (STBW) is regulated even in sewage treatment areas to prevent the black water deposition in combined sewers. STBWs in which black water is anaerobically decomposed generate high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (HS). In this study, an immobilized media of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) was used to remove the HS.

Effects of pH on the simultaneous removal of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia in a combined absorption and electro-oxidation system.

Biogas commonly contains both HS and NH, and these impurities need to be removed before use. In this study, a combined system consisting of an absorption column and an electro-oxidation reactor was developed to simultaneously treat HS and NH. In particular, the effect of the pH (6, 8, and 10) on the system performance was investigated.

Simultaneous removal of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia using a combined system with absorption and electrochemical oxidation.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) and ammonia (NH), common impurities in biogas, need to be removed before utilizing it. In this study, a combined system, which consisted of an absorption column and an electrochemical oxidation reactor, was tested to simultaneously remove these impurities. The effects of the current density and the chemical loading rate on the system performance were investigated.

Relationship Between Catastrophic Health Expenditures and Income Quintile Decline.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to investigate the proportion of households facing catastrophic health expenditures based on household income quintiles, and to analyze the relationship between expenditures and household income quintile decline.

Methods: Study data were obtained from an annually conducted survey of the 2012-2013 Korean health panel. There were 12,909 subjects aged 20-64 years from economically active households, whose income quintile remained unchanged or declined by more than one quintile from 2012 to 2013.

Nurse-Perceived Patient Adverse Events depend on Nursing Workload.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between nursing workload and nurse-perceived patient adverse events.

Methods: A total of 1,816 nurses working in general inpatient units of 23 tertiary general hospitals in South Korea were surveyed, and collected data were analyzed through multilevel logistic regression analysis.

Results: Among variables related to nursing workload, the non-nursing task experience had an influence on all four types of patient adverse events.

Dental Care Utilization for Examination and Regional Deprivation.

Objectives: Receiving proper dental care plays a significant role in maintaining good oral health. We investigated the relationship between regional deprivation and dental care utilization.

Methods: Multilevel logistic regression was used to identify the relationship between the regional deprivation level and dental care utilization purpose, adjusting for individual-level variables, in adults aged 19+ in the 2008 Korean Community Health Survey (n=220 258).

Unmet healthcare needs depending on employment status.

Objectives: The purpose of study is to find relevance between unmet healthcare needs and employment status and if factors have relevance to unmet healthcare needs due to "economic burden" and "no time to spare".

Methods: The study conducted a survey of 9163 respondents who said they needed a medical treatment or checkup were asked why the need for care was unmet.

Results: 22.

Nurse-perceived patient adverse events and nursing practice environment.

Objectives: To evaluate the occurrence of patient adverse events in Korean hospitals as perceived by nurses and examine the correlation between patient adverse events with the nurse practice environment at nurse and hospital level.

Methods: In total, 3096 nurses working in 60 general inpatient hospital units were included. A two-level logistic regression analysis was performed.

Influence of the nursing practice environment on job satisfaction and turnover intention.

Objectives: To examine whether the nursing practice environment at the hospital-level affects the job satisfaction and turnover intention of hospital nurses.

Methods: Among the 11 731 nurses who participated in the Korea Health and Medical Workers' Union's educational program, 5654 responded to our survey. Data from 3096 nurses working in 185 general inpatient wards at 60 hospitals were analyzed using multilevel logistic regression modeling.

Application of revised nursing work index to hospital nurses of South Korea.

Purpose: Based on the Revised Nursing Work Index (NWI-R), this research aimed to develop a Korean Hospital General Inpatient Unit-Nursing Work Index (KGU-NWI). This study also aimed to compare the common points and differences between the subfactors of the KGU-NWI and the subfactors from previous studies.

Methods: Based on opinions from 3,151 nurses in Korean hospital general inpatient unit, this research used 57 items of NWI-R and the principal axis factor analysis for deriving subfactors.

Adsorption characteristics of siloxanes in landfill gas by the adsorption equilibrium test.

Due to the increase in energy cost by constantly high oil prices and the obligation to reduce greenhouse effect gases, landfill gas is frequently used as an alternative energy source for producing heat and electricity. Most of landfill gas utility facilities, however, are experiencing problems controlling siloxanes from landfill gas as their catalytic oxidizers are becoming fouled by silicon dioxide dust. To evaluate adsorption characteristics of siloxanes, an adsorption equilibrium test was conducted and parameters in the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were analyzed.

Spectroscopic characterization of the SH2- and active site-directed peptide sequences of a bivalent Src kinase inhibitor.

The spectral properties of the SH2 and active site-directed sequences of the bivalent Src kinase inhibitor Ac-EELL(F5)Phe-(GABA)3-pYEEIE-amide (1) have been determined. Ac-pYEEIE-amide (2) and AcEELL(F5)Phe-amide (3), as well as the amino acids phosphotyrosine (pTyr) and pentafluorophenylalanine (F5)Phe, have been characterized by electronic absorption, fluorescence, and vibrational spectroscopy. Specific and unique marker bands that originate from the phosphate group of pTyr and the fluorinated aromatic ring of (F5)Phe have been identified, with the latter showing some solvent dependence.

Memory Self-Efficacy and Memory Performance in Older Males.

The study reported here was a secondary analysis of data on 157 males from a larger study of predictors of memory performance in community-dwelling elders. The males' average age was 76 years, with 13 years of education and a Mini-Mental State Exam score of 26. Measures included depression, memory performance, metamemory, and memory self-efficacy.

Barriers to and strategies for recruiting Korean Americans for community-partnered health promotion research.

While increasing numbers of researchers are targeting ethnic minorities in order to address their health disparities, the unique health needs of Korean Americans are not well known to the mainstream community, and only relatively few systematic research studies have been conducted in this "hard-to reach" population. The purpose of this paper is to describe the barriers to recruiting participants for health promotion research and to identify facilitators in the community that can contribute to this effort. We have analyzed data pertaining to the 14 studies we have conducted since 1998, which included a total sample of about 2,400 Korean Americans.

Enantiopure 1,1'-binaphthyl-based polyoxometalate-containing molecular hybrids.

The first chiral molecular hybrids based on covalently linked polyoxometalate clusters and enantiopure 1,1'-binaphthyl units have been prepared. Their structures have been confirmed by (1)H NMR, FTIR, and ESI-MS measurements. Such hybrids show moderate chiroptical behavior in solutions, and Cotton effects are observed up to 450 nm, indicating chiral extension from the binaphthyl core to the cluster-containing pi-conjugated arms.

Charge-transfer hybrids containing covalently bonded polyoxometalates and ferrocenyl units.

Two new charge-transfer hybrids with one or two ferrocenyl units covalently attached to a hexamolybdate cluster through an extended pi-conjugated bridge have been prepared using Pd-catalyzed coupling reactions on monoiodo- or diiodo-functionalized cluster substrates in over 60% yields. These hybrids have been characterized by (1)H NMR, FTIR, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction. The electronic spectra of these hybrids show a broad absorption tail extending beyond 550 nm, indicating the existence of charge-transfer transition from the ferrocenyl donor to the cluster acceptor.