Machine learning algorithms that predict the risk of prostate cancer based on metabolic syndrome and sociodemographic characteristics: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Given the rapid increase in the prevalence of prostate cancer (PCa), identifying its risk factors and developing suitable risk prediction models has important implications for public health. We used machine learning (ML) approach to screen participants with high risk of PCa and, specifically, investigated whether participants with metabolic syndrome (MetS) exhibited an elevated PCa risk.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed with 41,837 participants in South Korea.

Reproductive factors and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer: results from the Asia Cohort Consortium.

Background: There are scarce data on risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in Asian populations. Our goal was to advance knowledge on reproductive -related risk factors for EOC in a large population of Asian women.

Methods: This study used pooled individual data from baseline questionnaires in 11 prospective cohorts (baseline years, 1958-2015) in the Asia Cohort Consortium.

Comparison of Population Attributable Fractions of Cancer Incidence and Mortality Linked to Excess Body Weight in Korea from 2015 to 2030.

Background: The increasing rate of excess body weight (EBW) in the global population has led to growing health concerns, including cancer-related EBW. We aimed to estimate the population attributable fraction (PAF) of cancer incidence and deaths linked to EBW in Korean individuals from 2015 to 2030 and to compare its value with various body mass index cutoffs.

Methods: Levin's formula was used to calculate the PAF; the prevalence rates were computed using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, while the relative risks of specific cancers related to EBW were estimated based on the results of Korean cohort studies.

Determining risk-adapted starting age and interval for breast cancer screening based on reproductive and hormonal factors.

This study aimed to elucidate the risk of developing breast cancer (BC) by reproductive and hormonal profiles to suggest risk-adapted starting screening ages and to investigate risks after negative mammography results to inform screening intervals in the Korean setting. Participants who performed health examinations between 2002 and 2023 at the National Cancer Center were analyzed. Risk-adapted starting age of screening was defined as the age at which women with various reproductive and hormonal profiles obtained a 10-year cumulative risk level similar to women aged 40 years in the general population.

Estimation of Population Attributable Fraction by Hormone and Reproductive Factors on Female Cancer in the Republic of Korea, 2015 to 2030.

Purpose: Population attributable fractions (PAFs) for hormone and reproductive factors have been estimated in several countries. IARC designated as Group 1 and Group 2A carcinogen for hormone factors in breast, ovarian, endometrial and uterine cervix cancer. This study aimed to estimate the PAFs of hormone/reproductive factor attributed to cancer incidence and deaths in Korean women and projected trends from 2015 to 2030.

Body mass index and breast cancer risk in premenopausal and postmenopausal East Asian women: a pooled analysis of 13 cohort studies.

Background: It has been suggested that the association between body mass index and breast cancer risk differs between Asian women and Western women. We aimed to assess the associations between body mass index and breast cancer incidence in East Asian women.

Methods: Pooled analyses were performed using individual participant data of 319,189 women from 13 cohort studies in Japan, Korea, and China.

Association of dietary manganese intake and the rs3917225 polymorphism with thyroid cancer risk: a prospective cohort study in Korea.

Dietary Mn intake may have a beneficial effect in reducing cancer risk; however, its association with thyroid cancer (TC) risk remains inadequately understood. Additionally, Mn was associated with inflammation markers. Thus, we examined whether dietary Mn intake emerges a protective role against TC and whether this preventative effect has an interaction with rs3917225.

Nostoxanthin Biosynthesis by Sphingomonas Species (COS14-R2): Isolation, Identification, and Optimization of Culture Conditions.

Nostoxanthin, a yellow pigment, belongs to the xanthophyll group of carotenoids found in various species of bacteria and cyanobacteria. Several species of Sphingomonas can produce appropriate carotenoids for survive in various environments. This comprise nostoxanthin, a significant carotenoid.

A higher dietary alpha-linolenic acid intake is associated with lower colorectal cancer risk based on MUC4 rs2246901 variant among Korean adults.

Alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3 [ALA]) intake may have a beneficial effect in reducing cancer risk; however, its association with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk remains conflicted. Additionally, ALA was emphasized as being associated with mucins, an important glycoproteins family within the intestine. Thus, we hypothesized that a higher dietary ALA intake may reduce the risk of CRC and this preventive effect has an interaction with mucin 4 (MUC4) rs2246901.

A higher consumption of green and white-colored vegetables and fruits is associated with lowered breast cancer risk among Korean women.

Breast cancer (BrCa) remains a significant health concern globally, influenced by both nonmodifiable and modifiable risk factors. Limited studies have explored the role of color-specific vegetables and fruits, which are rich in specific phytonutrients, on BrCa risk. We hypothesized that consuming color-specific vegetables and fruits may decrease BrCa risk in Korean women.

Fecal Microbial Dysbiosis is Associated with Colorectal Cancer Risk in a Korean Population.

Purpose: The association between the fecal microbiota and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk has been suggested in epidemiologic studies. However, data from large-scale population-based studies are lacking.

Materials And Methods: In this case-control study, we recruited 283 CRC patients from the Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, Korea to perform 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal samples.

Gastric and colorectal cancer incidence attributable to dietary factors in Korea.

Background: Dietary factors play a role in the etiology of gastrointestinal cancer. We aimed to estimate the burden of gastric and colorectal cancer that can be attributable to dietary factors in adults aged 20 years and older in Korea in 2018.

Methods: Dietary intakes in 2000 were estimated using data from the 2001, 2005, and 2007-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).

Relationship Between Aspirin Use and Site-Specific Colorectal Cancer Risk Among Individuals With Metabolic Comorbidity.

Background: The relationship between aspirin usage and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) among individuals with both hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM) remains unclear. This study aims to explore the impact of aspirin use on the site-specific CRC risk in patients with metabolic comorbidity.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted among 1,331 CRC patients and 2,771 controls recruited from the Nation Cancer Center in Korea.

Association between dietary carotenoid intake and breast cancer risk: a case-control study among Korean women.

The association between dietary carotenoids and breast cancer (BC) risks were inconsistent. Therefore, this study investigated the association between dietary carotenoid and BC risks among Korean women. We recruited participants from the National Cancer Centre of Korea.

Dietary mercury intake, the IL23R rs10889677 polymorphism, and the risk of gastric cancer in a Korean population: a hospital-based case-control study.

Objectives: Mercury can stimulate immune responses through T helper 17 (Th17). The gene IL23R is a key factor in Th17 function, which may also contribute to digestive tract diseases. The aim of this study was to identify the associations between dietary mercury and gastric cancer (GC) and to investigate whether the IL23R rs10889677 polymorphism modifies those associations.

Mapping recommendations towards an Asian Code Against Cancer (ACAC) as part of the World Code Against Cancer Framework: an Asian National Cancer Centers Alliance (ANCCA) initiative.

This paper outlines the process undertaken by Asian National Cancer Centers Alliance (ANCCA) members in working towards an Asian Code Against Cancer (ACAC). The process involves: (i) identification of the criteria for selecting the existing set of national recommendations for ACAC (ii) compilation of existing national codes or recommendations on cancer prevention (iii) reviewing the scientific evidence on cancer risk factors in Asia and (iv) establishment of one or more ACAC under the World Code Against Cancer Framework. A matrix of national codes or key recommendations against cancer in ANCCA member countries is presented.

Diabetes and gastric cancer incidence and mortality in the Asia Cohort Consortium: A pooled analysis of more than a half million participants.

Background: Evidence suggests a possible link between diabetes and gastric cancer risk, but the findings remain inconclusive, with limited studies in the Asian population. We aimed to assess the impact of diabetes and diabetes duration on the development of gastric cancer overall, by anatomical and histological subtypes.

Methods: A pooled analysis was conducted using 12 prospective studies included in the Asia Cohort Consortium.

Fine-mapping analysis including over 254,000 East Asian and European descendants identifies 136 putative colorectal cancer susceptibility genes.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 200 common genetic variants independently associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but the causal variants and target genes are mostly unknown. We sought to fine-map all known CRC risk loci using GWAS data from 100,204 cases and 154,587 controls of East Asian and European ancestry. Our stepwise conditional analyses revealed 238 independent association signals of CRC risk, each with a set of credible causal variants (CCVs), of which 28 signals had a single CCV.

Family history and gastric cancer incidence and mortality in Asia: a pooled analysis of more than half a million participants.

Background: The family history of gastric cancer holds important implications for cancer surveillance and prevention, yet existing evidence predominantly comes from case-control studies. We aimed to investigate the association between family history of gastric cancer and gastric cancer risk overall and by various subtypes in Asians in a prospective study.

Methods: We included 12 prospective cohorts with 550,508 participants in the Asia Cohort Consortium.

User tendency-based rating scaling in online trading networks.

Social networks often involve the users rating each other based on their beliefs, abilities, and other characteristics. This is particularly common in e-commerce platforms where buyers rate sellers based on their trustworthiness. However, the rating tends to vary between users due to differences in their individual scoring criteria.

Association of gut microbiome with immune microenvironment in surgically treated colorectal cancer patients.

This study explored the relationship between faecal microbiota distribution and local or systemic immune response in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The study population included 114 surgically treated CRC patients. Faeces were analysed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.