Comparative Analysis of Secondary Metabolites and Metabolic Profiling between Diploid and Tetraploid L.

We profiled and quantified primary (amine, organic acids, tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, amino acids, and carbohydrates) and secondary metabolites (triterpenoids, phenolic acids, carotenoids, flavonoids, and anthocyanins) in the edible parts (leaves and fruits) of the diploid and tetraploid cultivar L. 'Cheongil.' Through comprehensive metabolic profiling, the tetraploid mulberry cultivar was able to produce diverse metabolites supported by higher accumulation patterns of primary and secondary metabolites in their edible parts.

5-FU promotes stemness of colorectal cancer via p53-mediated WNT/β-catenin pathway activation.

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) remains the first-line treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC). Although 5-FU initially de-bulks the tumor mass, recurrence after chemotherapy is the barrier to effective clinical outcomes for CRC patients. Here, we demonstrate that p53 promotes WNT3 transcription, leading to activation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway in Apc/Lgr5 mice, CRC patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTOs) and patient-derived tumor cells (PDCs).

Small molecule-induced simultaneous destabilization of β-catenin and RAS is an effective molecular strategy to suppress stemness of colorectal cancer cells.

Background: Cancer stem cells (CSCs), the major driver of tumorigenesis, is a sub-population of tumor cells responsible for poor clinical outcomes. However, molecular mechanism to identify targets for controlling CSCs is poorly understood.

Methods: Gene Set Enrichment Analyses (GSEA) of Wnt/β-catenin and RAS signaling pathways in stem-like subtype of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients were performed using two gene expression data set.

β-Catenin-RAS interaction serves as a molecular switch for RAS degradation via GSK3β.

RAS proteins play critical roles in various cellular processes, including growth and transformation. RAS proteins are subjected to protein stability regulation via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) is a key player for the phosphorylation-dependent RAS degradation through proteasomes. GSK3β-mediated RAS degradation does not occur in cells that express a nondegradable mutant (MT) β-catenin.

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Carotenoid Pathway Genes and Carotenoid Content in Ixeris dentata var. albiflora.

var. is considered as a potential therapeutic agent against mithridatism, calculous, indigestion, pneumonia, hepatitis, and tumors as well as good seasoned vegetable in Far East countries. Phytoene synthase (PSY), phytoene desaturase (PDS) ξ-carotene desaturase (ZDS), lycopene β-cyclase (LCYB), lycopene ε-cyclase (LCYE), ε-ring carotene hydroxylase (CHXB), and zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZDS) are vital enzymes in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway.