Sarcopenia with decreased total psoas muscle area in children with high-risk neuroblastoma.

Background: We calculated psoas muscle area (PMA) z-scores in high-risk neuroblastoma patients undergoing treatment to examine the clinical significance of sarcopenia in this cohort.

Methods: We analyzed retrospective data from patients aged 0-18 who were diagnosed with abdominal neuroblastoma between 2005 and 2019 at Samsung Medical Center. Patients categorized as high-risk undergone induction chemotherapy, neuroblastoma excision, and tandem high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (HDCT/auto-SCT) were selected.

Clinical Outcome of Ultrasound-Detected Perforated Necrotizing Enterocolitis without Radiographic Pneumoperitoneum in Very Preterm Infants.

Objectives: To investigate the clinical outcomes of ultrasound (US)-detected perforated necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) without radiographic pneumoperitoneum in very preterm infants.

Methods: In this single-center retrospective study, very preterm infants who underwent a laparotomy for perforated NEC during their neonatal intensive care unit stay were classified into two groups according to the absence or presence of pneumoperitoneum on radiographs (the case versus the control groups). The primary outcome was death before discharge, and the secondary outcomes included major morbidities and body weight at 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA).

Clinical Accuracy of Non-Contact Forehead Infrared Thermometer Measurement in Children: An Observational Study.

We evaluated the clinical reliability and utility of temperature measurements using no-contact forehead infrared thermometers (NCFITs) by comparing their temperature measurements with those obtained using infrared tympanic thermometers (IRTTs) in children. In this observational, prospective, and cross-sectional study, we enrolled 255 children (aged 1 month to 18 years) from the pediatric surgery ward at a tertiary medical center in Korea. The mean age of the children was 9.

Fluoroscopic criteria for on-site evaluation of failed intussusception reduction during air enema technique.

Background: There is no reliable fluoroscopic criteria for failed intussusception reduction during air enema technique.

Methods: This retrospective case-control study included 373 episodes of ileocolic intussusceptions who had undergone air enema under fluoroscopy. All procedures were initially classified by conventional fluoroscopic criteria: presumptive successful procedures (PSP) presumptive failed procedures (PFP).

Economic burden of hospital malnutrition: A cost-of-illness model.

Background & Aims: Hospital malnutrition is a highly prevalent condition that leads to an increased risk of clinical complications and a corresponding increase in healthcare resource utilisation. Despite the high prevalence and adverse clinical consequences, limited data are available on the magnitude of the economic burden associated with hospital malnutrition in Asian countries. The aim of the present analysis was to calculate country-specific estimates of the economic burden of hospital malnutrition in Asia.

Comparison of Clinical and Radiologic Findings Between Perforated and Non-Perforated Choledochal Cysts in Children.

Objective: To compare the clinical and radiologic findings between perforated and non-perforated choledochal cysts in children.

Materials And Methods: Fourteen patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 1.7 ± 1.

Prediction of Recurrence of Completely Resected Pancreatic Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasms in Pediatric Patients: A Single Center Analysis.

Background: Many previous studies have investigated the risk factors for the recurrence of pancreatic solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPNs), although a consensus has not yet been reached, despite this effort. We aimed to identify the predictive factors for recurrence in patients with SPNs who underwent complete surgical resection of the tumor.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the records of pediatric patients with SPNs who underwent surgical resection at a single center between 2001 and 2018.

Abnormal Orientation of the Superior Mesenteric Vessels Detected in Asymptomatic Infants: What Is Its Destiny?

Ultrasonography (USG) has been described as an alternative diagnostic tool for malrotation that evaluates the orientation of the superior mesenteric vessels. However, literature concerning the management of patients who do not have abdominal symptoms is limited. We aimed to review the clinical course of infants showing abnormal orientation of the superior mesenteric vessels on USG who were asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis.

Analysis of Pediatric Surgery Using the National Healthcare Insurance Service Database in Korea: How Many Pediatric Surgeons Do We Need in Korea?

Background: In the past, general surgeons (GSs) without a pediatric surgical subspecialty often performed surgery on children and, even now, GSs are performing many pediatric surgeries. We aimed to investigate the involvement of pediatric surgeons (PSs) and GSs in pediatric surgery, compare the outcomes of surgery in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and estimate the appropriate PS workforce in Korea.

Methods: We used surgical data from the National Health Insurance Service database that was collected from patients under the age of 19 years in hospitals nationwide from January 2002 to December 2017.

Factors Associated with Failure of Pneumatic Reduction in Children with Ileocolic Intussusception.

Intussusception is one of the most common causes of intestinal obstruction in children. Pneumatic reduction is the treatment of choice and has a high success rate. The most common cause of pneumatic reduction failure is the presence of a pathological leading point.

A multinational observational study of clinical nutrition practice in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery: The Nutrition Insights Day.

Background And Aims: Patients undergoing major gastrointestinal (GI) surgery, particularly those with malignancies, have a high risk for malnutrition, requiring perioperative nutritional support to reduce complications. During the Nutrition Insights Day (NID), nutritional data of this patient population were documented in seven Asian countries.

Methods: Observational, cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection of nutritional status, calorie/protein targets/intake, and type of clinical nutrition for up to 5 days before NID.

Prenatal ultrasonographic findings of esophageal atresia: potential diagnostic role of the stomach shape.

Objective: We investigated prenatal sonographic characteristics of esophageal atresia (EA) with advancing gestation. We focused on the degree of polyhydramnios and the stomach shape.

Methods: This study included 27 EA cases (EA group) and 81 idiopathic polyhydramnios cases (non-EA group).

Multidisciplinary intestinal rehabilitation in acute type II intestinal failure: Results from an intestinal rehabilitation team.

Background: Type II (acute) intestinal failure (IF) is usually caused by complications of abdominal surgery resulting in enteric fistulas or proximal stomas and requires parenteral nutrition (PN) for several months. This study aimed to evaluate clinical management and outcome of type II IF patients in a single center.

Methods: Medical records of patients referred to the Intestinal Rehabilitation Team (IRT) at Samsung Medical Center (Seoul, Korea) were retrospectively analyzed.

Fish Oil Monotherapy for Intestinal Failure-Associated Liver Disease on SMOFlipid in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) is a life-threatening complication of parenteral nutrition (PN) and is most prevalent in the preterm neonatal population receiving long-term PN. In this study, we report the outcome of our experience with fish oil monotherapy for IFALD in a fish oil-based combination lipid emulsion administered to preterm low birth weight infants. Fasting neonates were administered as PN according to our center's nutrition protocol.

Vesicoureteral reflux increases the risk of urinary tract infection prior to corrective surgery in newborn males with anorectal malformation.

Purpose: The ideal colostomy type indicated for patients with anorectal malformation (ARM) is disputed. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical factors associated with urinary tract infection (UTI) prior to corrective surgery in male ARM without perineal fistula having undergone diverting enterostomy.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients diagnosed with ARM and surgically managed at our center from January 2011 to December 2019 was performed.

Hospital malnutrition in northeast and southeast Asia: A systematic literature review.

Background & Aims: Hospital malnutrition is a prevalent yet frequently under-recognised condition that is associated with adverse clinical and economic consequences. Systematic reviews from various regions of the world have provided regional estimates of the prevalence of malnutrition and the magnitude of the associated health and economic burden; however, a systematic assessment of the prevalence and consequences of hospital malnutrition in northeast and southeast Asia has not been conducted.

Methods: We performed a systematic literature search for articles on hospital malnutrition in 11 Asian countries published in English between January 1, 1997 and January 15, 2018.

Effects of PrObiotics on the Symptoms and Surgical ouTComes after Anterior REsection of Colon Cancer (POSTCARE): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

We investigated microbiota changes following surgical colon cancer resection and evaluate effects of probiotics on microbiota and surgical recovery. This randomized double-blind trial was performed at four medical centers in South Korea. Of 68 patients expected to undergo anterior sigmoid colon cancer resection, 60 were eligible, of whom 29 and 31 received probiotics and placebo, respectively, for four weeks, starting at one week preoperatively.

The learning curve for thoracoscopic repair of esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula: A cumulative sum analysis.

Background: Thoracoscopic repair of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) remains technically challenging due to the rarity of these procedures. The aim of this study is to report our experience with thoracoscopic repair of type C EA/TEF and to evaluate the learning curve based upon the surgeon's skill level.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data of thoracoscopic EA/TEF repair performed in our center between October 2008 and May 2019.

Minimal dissection of posterior wall of rectum reduces rectal prolapse in laparoscopic assisted anorectal pull-through.

Purpose: To determine if minimal dissection of the posterior wall of rectum can reduce rectal prolapse after laparoscopic assisted anorectal pull-through (LAARP) in male anorectal malformation (ARM) with rectourethral fistula.

Methods: Eighty-six male patients with ARM who underwent LAARP in our center between 2007 and 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 45 cases of prostatic urethral fistula, 24 bulbar urethral fistulas, and 15 bladder neck fistulas.

Thoracoscopic repair of esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula: is it a safe procedure in infants weighing less than 2000 g?

Background: Since Rothenberg first performed thoracoscopic repair for esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) successfully in 2000, thoracoscopic repair has achieved status as a routine procedure worldwide. Previously, an international multicenter study reported that this procedure was not inferior to conventional open surgery. However, thoracoscopic surgery is a highly difficult operation for surgeons and anesthesiologists; as a result, the safety and efficacy of the surgery is still under debate.

Reversal of Intestinal Failure-Associated Liver Disease by Increasing Fish Oil in a Multi-Oil Intravenous Lipid Emulsion in Adult Short Bowel-Syndrome Patients.

Background: Intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) is a serious complication of parenteral nutrition (PN). We report 2 cases of IFALD, which occurred in adult patients while on a regimen of multi-oil intravenous lipid emulsion containing fish oil.

Methods: Patients initially received PN containing 1-g/kg/d SMOFlipid 20% (SMOFlipid).

Lipid Emulsion Use in Pediatric Patients Requiring Long-Term Parenteral Nutrition.

The ability to deliver nutrients via parenteral nutrition (PN) has markedly improved the prognosis of infants and children with intestinal failure. Technical refinements and advances in knowledge have led to the development of highly sophisticated PN solutions that are tailored to meet the needs of pediatric patients. However, children who require long-term PN have an increased risk of complications such as catheter-related sepsis, liver disease, and bone disease.

Summary of Proceedings and Expert Consensus Statements From the International Summit "Lipids in Parenteral Nutrition".

Background: The 2018 Lipids in Parenteral Nutrition summit involved a panel of experts in clinical nutrition, lipid metabolism, and pharmacology, to assess the current state of knowledge and develop expert consensus statements regarding the use of intravenous lipid emulsions in various patient populations and clinical settings. The main purpose of the consensus statements is to assist healthcare professionals by providing practical guidance on common clinical questions related to the provision of lipid emulsions as part of parenteral nutrition (PN).

Methods: The summit was designed to allow interactive discussion and consensus development.

Ingestion of multiple magnets in children.

Background: The ingestion of multiple magnets is harmful in children because it can cause intestinal obstruction and/or perforation. We present an approach for the management of children visiting the emergency department with multiple magnet ingestion.

Methods: We retrospectively investigated 9 children who presented to 2 centers in Korea between January 2004 and August 2018 with a history of multiple magnet ingestion.