Masticatory Function, Sex, and Risk of Dementia Among Older Adults: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: A decline in masticatory function may indicate brain dysfunction related to dementia, but the relationship between masticatory function and dementia risk remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether masticatory function is associated with the risk of cognitive decline and dementia.

Methods: Data were obtained from the nationwide prospective cohort study of randomly sampled community-dwelling Koreans aged ≥ 60 years.

Caregiving-Related Depression Increases Neuroinflammation in Spousal Caregivers to Individuals With Cognitive Impairment: A Longitudinal Study.

Background: The caregiving burden of the spousal caregivers (SCGs) to individuals with cognitive impairment poses public health challenges with adverse psychosocial and physiological effects. However, few studies have investigated the neurobiological impact of caregiving, particularly through the investigation of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.

Methods: Using data from a longitudinal cohort at Chungnam National University Hospital, the relationship between caregiving burden, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration was examined in 38 older adult couples over a 16-month period.

Association of Depression With the Progression of Multimorbidity in Older Adults: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: The relationship between depression and the risk of multimorbidity progression has rarely been studied in older adults. This study was aimed to determine whether depression is associated with progression in the severity and complexity of multimorbidity, considering the influence of depression's severity and subtype.

Methods: As a part of the Korean Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging and Dementia, this population-based cohort study followed a random sample of community-dwelling Koreans aged 60 and older for 8 years at 2-year intervals starting in 2010.

Exploring age-related changes in saccades during cognitive tasks in healthy adults.

Introduction: Although eye movements such as saccades are related to internal cognitive processes and are independent of visual processing, few studies have investigated whether non-visual cognitive tasks simultaneously affect horizontal and vertical saccades in younger and older adults.

Methods: We recruited 28 younger adults aged 20-29 years and 26 older adults aged >60 years through advertisements in community settings. All participants were free of major psychiatric, neurological, or ocular diseases.

A Preliminary Study on the Potential Protective Role of the Antioxidative Stress Markers of Cognitive Impairment: Glutathione and Glutathione Reductase.

Objective: : To investigate the relationship between reduced glutathione (GSH), a key molecule of the antioxidant defense system in the blood, and glutathione reductase (GR), which reduces oxidized glutathione (glutathione disulfide [GSSG]) to GSH and maintains the redox balance, with the prevalence of Alzheimer's dementia and cognitive decline.

Methods: : In all, 20 participants with Alzheimer's dementia who completed the third follow-up clinical evaluation over 6 years were selected, and 20 participants with normal cognition were selected after age and sex matching. The GSH and GR concentrations were the independent variables.

What is the impact of one's chronic illness on his or her spouse's future chronic illness: a community-based prospective cohort study.

Background: Integrating a joint approach to chronic disease management within the context of a couple has immense potential as a valuable strategy for both prevention and treatment. Although spousal concordance has been reported in specific chronic illnesses, the impact they cumulatively exert on a spouse in a longitudinal setting has not been investigated. We aimed to determine whether one's cumulative illness burden has a longitudinal impact on that of their spouse.

Deep Learning of Speech Data for Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease in the Elderly.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, which makes the lives of patients and their families difficult for various reasons. Therefore, early detection of AD is crucial to alleviating the symptoms through medication and treatment.

Objective: Given that AD strongly induces language disorders, this study aims to detect AD rapidly by analyzing the language characteristics.

Potential effectiveness of digital therapeutics specialized in executive functions as adjunctive treatment for clinical symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a feasibility study.

Introduction: The role of digital therapeutics (DTx) in the effective management of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is beginning to gain clinical attention. Therefore, it is essential to verify their potential efficacy.

Method: We aimed to investigate the improvement in the clinical symptoms of ADHD by using DTx AimDT01 (NUROW) (AIMMED Co.

Association between the COVID-19 pandemic, caregiving burden, and quality of life of caregivers of people with dementia: A cross-sectional study.

This study aimed to examine the association of COVID-19-related stress, anxiety, access to public healthcare services, and the presence of secondary caregivers (CGs) on the burden of caregiving and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for CGs of people with dementia (PwD). A cross-sectional survey with 218 family CGs for PwD was completed in various settings between August and September 2021. The CGs had moderate and severe stress (42.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on depression in community-dwelling older adults: a prospective cohort study.

Background: There are growing concerns about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of older adults. We examined the effect of the pandemic on the risk of depression in older adults.

Methods: We analyzed data from the prospective cohort study of Korean older adults, which has been followed every 2 years.

Shared Risk Factors for Depressive Disorder Among Older Adult Couples in Korea.

Importance: Although couples may share many risk factors for depressive disorders in their lifetime, whether these factors mediate the shared risk of depressive disorders has rarely been investigated.

Objectives: To identify the shared risk factors for depressive disorder in couples and investigate their mediating roles in the shared risk of depressive disorders among older adult couples.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This nationwide, multicenter, community-based cohort study assessed 956 older adults from the Korean Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging and Dementia (KLOSCAD) and a cohort of their spouses (KLOSCAD-S) between January 1, 2019, to February 28, 2021.

Delusions and Hallucinations Are Associated With Greater Severity of Delirium.

Background: The 3 core domains of delirium (cognitive, higher level thinking, circadian) do not include the less common noncore psychotic symptoms. However, psychosis might inform about perturbations of neural circuitry, outcomes, or suggest tailored clinical management.

Objective: We assessed relationships between psychosis and other characteristics of delirium in patients without dementia or antipsychotics treatment.

Evidence of risky driving in Korean older adults: A longitudinal cohort.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the differences in the risk factors for dangerous driving between older adults with normal cognition and those with cognitive impairment.

Design: The driving risk questionnaire (DRQ) that was applied to a community-dwelling older adult cohort and 2 years of accident/violation records from the National Police Agency were analyzed. We conducted regression analyses with the presence or absence of risky driving based on records (accidents + violations) 2 years before and after evaluation as a dependent variable and dichotomized scores of each risky driving factor as independent variables.

Validation of the Korean Version of the Delirium Diagnostic Tool-Provisional (K-DDT-Pro).

Objective: The Delirium Diagnostic Tool-Provisional (DDT-Pro) was designed to detect the presence and severity of delirium briefly and objectively regardless of psychiatric expertise. We translated the DDT-Pro into Korean and validated it in elderly Korean patients.

Methods: To validate the translation and evaluate inter-rater reliability, a psychiatric trainee and a research nurse independently assessed the same patients referred to the Department of Psychiatry.

Association of Low Emotional and Tangible Support With Risk of Dementia Among Adults 60 Years and Older in South Korea.

Importance: The association between social support and dementia risk has been debated. Most previous prospective studies have not differentiated the subtypes of social support.

Objective: To examine whether the association between social support and risk of dementia differs by subtype of social support and by sex.

Associations of health-related quality of life with depression and stigma in MERS-CoV survivors during the recovery period.

We explored factors related to health-related quality of life (HRQOL), including psychiatric symptoms and stigma related to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection, among MERS-CoV survivors during the recovery period.Sixty-three MERS-COV survivors were recruited from five hospitals for a cohort study, one year after their infection in 2015. The subjects' demographic information and medical conditions associated with MERS-CoV were recorded.

Exploration of Cognitive Outcomes and Risk Factors for Cognitive Decline Shared by Couples.

Importance: Although couples could share many risk factors of cognitive disorders in their lifetime, whether shared risk factors mediate the shared risk of cognitive disorders has rarely been investigated.

Objective: To identify the risk factors of cognitive decline shared within couples and investigate their mediating roles in the shared risk of cognitive disorders and cognitive functions within couples.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A prospective cohort study was launched in November 1, 2010, and 784 participants were followed up every 2 years until December 31, 2020.

Caregiving for a Spouse with Cognitive Impairment: Effects on Nutrition and Other Lifestyle Factors.

Background: Being a spousal caregiver (SCG) for a patient with cognitive impairment is well known to be associated with increased risk for dementia and cognitive decline.

Objective: This study examined the impact of the care-recipient's cognitive status on lifestyle factors influencing cognitive decline in SCGs, focusing on nutritional status and blood biomarkers.

Methods: Fifty-one SCGs participated (mean age 73.

Mood disorders increase mortality mainly through dementia: A community-based prospective cohort study.

Objective: The effects of mood disorders on mortality may be mediated by their effects on the risk of dementia, and interventions to reduce the occurrence of dementia may reduce their overall mortality. This study aimed to investigate the direct effects of depressive and bipolar disorders on the 6-year risk of mortality and also their indirect effects on mortality due to their effect on the risk of dementia.

Methods: A total of 5101 Koreans were selected from a community-based prospective cohort study, and 6-year risks of mortality and dementia in participants with depressive and bipolar disorders were estimated by Cox proportional hazard analysis.

Slow-wave sleep and obstructive sleep apnea in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze sleep architecture and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with type 2 diabetes and clarify the association between sleep characteristics and glycemic control.

Methods: All participants underwent metabolism-related laboratory testing and a cross-sectional analysis of nocturnal polysomnography for sleep parameter analysis. Data were analyzed using the chi-squared test, a one-way analysis of variance, and Kruskal-Wallis test to compare the differences among three groups (type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, and control groups).

Disease Burdens of Alzheimer's Disease, Vascular Dementia, and Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Objectives: Understanding disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) based on dementia subtypes and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is essential for optimal resource allocation. This study aimed to investigate disease burdens of various dementias and MCI in a representative South Korean population.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Hypohomocysteinemia may increases the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: A nationwide population-based prospective cohort study.

Background: Hyperhomocysteinemia has been repeatedly found to increase the risk of dementia. However, the effects of hypohomocysteinemia on the risk of dementia have been barely investigated. If hypohomocysteinemia, like hyperhomocysteinemia, increases the risk of dementia, misuse or overuse of homocysteine-lowing agents such as vitamin supplements may increase the risk of dementia.

Association Between Plasma Monocyte Trafficking-Related Molecules and Future Risk of Depression in Older Adults.

Background: The recruitment of monocytes to the brain plays an important role in the development of depression. However, the association between plasma biomarkers of monocyte trafficking and depression is unclear. This study is aimed to examine the effects of plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) on the risk of depression.