The Efficacy of Scalp Nerve Block in Postoperative Pain Management after Microvascular Decompression: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

The scalp nerve block, created by injecting local anesthetics around the scalp nerves, is reported to effectively reduce pain after surgery. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of scalp nerve block in patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS) undergoing microvascular decompression (MVD). Seventy-four patients who underwent MVD for HFS were enrolled.

GWAS Reveals a Novel Candidate Gene in Pumpkin () Involved in Resistance to Powdery Mildew.

Pumpkin ( Duchesne ex Poir.) is a multipurpose cash crop rich in antioxidants, minerals, and vitamins; the seeds are also a good source of quality oils. However, pumpkin is susceptible to the fungus , an obligate biotrophic pathogen, which usually causes powdery mildew (PM) on both sides of the leaves and reduces photosynthesis.

A Holistic Self-learning Approach for Young Adult Depression and Anxiety Compared to Medication-Based Treatment-As-Usual.

A package of biopsychosocial services for young adults experiencing psychological distress was evaluated and compared to usual outpatient psychiatric care. Young adults (18-25) with moderate-to-severe symptoms of depression and/or anxiety (n = 26) were enrolled in a 13-week intervention consisting of nutritional coaching and multi-vitamin supplements, weekly educational and peer support groups, and a modest financial stipend to engage with physical or expressive activities. A comparison group (n = 13) continued with their usual medication-based outpatient care.

Intraoperative dexmedetomidine attenuates norepinephrine levels in patients undergoing transsphenoidal surgery: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Dexmedetomidine has sympatholytic effects. We investigated whether dexmedetomidine could attenuate stress responses in patients undergoing endoscopic transnasal transseptal transsphenoidal surgery.

Methods: Forty-six patients were randomized to receive a continuous infusion of 0.

Role of reactive oxygen species at reperfusion stage in isoflurane preconditioning-induced neuroprotection.

In this in vivo and in vitro study, we aimed to investigate whether isoflurane preconditioning-induced neuronal protection is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling at the reperfusion stage. In the in vivo study, Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and in the in vitro study, rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells were subjected to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD). Isoflurane preconditioning was carried out prior to MCAO or OGD and the ROS scavenger, N-2-mercaptopropiopylglycine (2-MPG), was administered at the start of reperfusion.

Pre-administration of remifentanil in target-controlled propofol and remifentanil anesthesia prolongs anesthesia induction in neurosurgical patients: A double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Background: Pre- and co-administration of remifentanil in target-controlled propofol and remifentanil anesthesia are the most common methods in clinical practice. However, anesthesia induction time by timing remifentanil administration was not identified. Therefore, we investigated the induction time of anesthesia based on type of remifentanil administration in target-controlled anesthesia.

Effects of continuous positive airway pressure in patients at high risk of obstructive sleep apnea during propofol sedation after spinal anesthesia.

In patients with obstructive sleep apnea, short-term use of a continuous positive airway pressure mask improves oxygenation, decreases the apnea-hypopnea index, and reduces hemodynamic instability. In this study, we investigated the effects of use of a continuous positive airway pressure mask in patients at high risk of obstructive sleep apnea during propofol sedation after spinal anesthesia. Forty patients who underwent propofol sedation after spinal anesthesia for transurethral bladder or prostate resection with a STOP-Bang score of 3 or more were enrolled in this study.

Hyperthermia associated with biliary obstruction during living donor liver transplantation.

Intraoperative hypothermia occurs frequently, but hyperthermia is relatively rare during general anesthesia. We experienced a case of hyperthermia during living donor liver transplantation that appeared to be significantly associated with biliary obstruction. A 65-year-old male patient was diagnosed with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and living donor liver transplantation was planned after confirmation of no metastasis via intraoperative frozen biopsy.

Comparison of intrathecal morphine and surgical-site infusion of ropivacaine as adjuncts to intravenous patient-controlled analgesia in living-donor kidney transplant recipients.

Introduction: This prospective observational study compared the postoperative analgesic effectiveness of intrathecal morphine (ITM) and surgical-site infusion (SSI) of ropivacaine as adjuncts to intravenous (IV) patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) (fentanyl) in living-donor kidney transplant recipients.

Methods: Patients undergoing living-donor kidney transplantation who received ITM or SSI in addition to IV PCA were included. Rescue analgesia was achieved with IV meperidine as required.

Effects of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 on postoperative blood loss and kidney injury in off-pump coronary arterial bypass grafting: A retrospective study.

We retrospectively evaluated the effects of 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 on postoperative blood loss and acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB).Electronic medical records of 771 patients who underwent OPCAB in our hospital between July 2012 and July 2014 were reviewed, and 249 patients without intraoperative HES-exposure (group NoHES) were matched 1:N with intraoperative HES-exposed 413 patients (group HES) based on propensity score.

The effect of fluvastatin on cardiac fibrosis and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 expression in glucose-controlled diabetic rat hearts.

Independently of the lipid-lowering effects, statin has been reported to attenuate the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, the effect of statin in glucose-controlled diabetic condition has not been demonstrated. We evaluated the effect of fluvastatin on cardiac function, fibrosis, and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) expression in glucose-controlled diabetic rats.

Preoperative ultrasonographic findings of internal jugular veins and carotid arteries in kidney transplant recipients.

Background: Hemodialysis via the internal jugular vein (IJV) has been widely used for patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, as they have a higher risk of arterial diseases. We investigated the ultrasonographic findings of the IJV and carotid artery (CA) in recipients of kidney transplantation (KT) and identified factors influencing IJV/CA abnormalities.

Methods: We enrolled 120 adult KT recipients.

Exposure of isoflurane-treated cells to hyperoxia decreases cell viability and activates the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.

Isoflurane has either neuroprotective or neurotoxic effects. High-dose oxygen is frequently used throughout the perioperative period. We hypothesized that hyperoxia will affect cell viability of rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells that were exposed to isoflurane and reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be involved.

Acute serum sodium concentration changes in pediatric patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass and the association with postoperative outcomes.

The objective of this study is to investigate the degree of serum sodium changes and its association with patient outcomes in pediatrics undergoing heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We reviewed the medical records of 275 pediatric patients who underwent heart surgery with CPB. Prior to CPB, hyponatremia (≤135 mmol/L) was observed in 21 of 275 patients.

Effects of partial neuromuscular blockade on lateral spread response monitoring during microvascular decompression surgery.

Objective: We evaluated the effect of partial neuromuscular blockade (NMB) and no NMB on successful intraoperative monitoring of the lateral spread response (LSR) during microvascular decompression (MVD) surgery.

Methods: Patients were randomly allocated into one of three groups: the TOF group, the NMB was targeted to maintain two counts of train-of-four (TOF); the T1 group, maintain the T1/Tc (T1: amplitude of first twitch, Tc: amplitude of baseline twitch) ratio at 50%; and the N group, no relaxants after tracheal intubation. Successful LSR monitoring was defined as effective baseline establishment and maintenance of the LSR until dural opening.

Vaccination with a live multi-gene deletion strain protects horses against virulent challenge with Streptococcus equi.

Strangles, caused by Streptococcus equi subspecies equi (S. equi) is one of the most frequently diagnosed infectious diseases of horses and there remains a significant need to develop new preventative vaccines. We generated a live vaccine strain of S.

Reactive oxygen species by isoflurane mediates inhibition of nuclear factor κB activation in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute inflammation of the lung.

Background: Although anesthetic-induced inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury has been recognized, the underlying mechanism is obscure. Some studies suggest that reactive oxygen species (ROS) by isoflurane play a crucial role for anesthetic-induced protective effects on the brain or the heart; however, it still remains controversial. In this study, we examined the role of isoflurane-derived ROS in isoflurane-induced inhibition of lung injury and nuclear factor κB (NFκB) activation in LPS-challenged rat lungs.

Effect of intraoperative lidocaine on anesthetic consumption, and bowel function, pain intensity, analgesic consumption and hospital stay after breast surgery.

Background: Perioperative lidocaine infusion improves postoperative outcomes, mostly after abdominal and urologic surgeries. Knowledge of the effect of lidocaine on peripheral surgeries is limited. Presently, we investigated whether intraoperative lidocaine infusion reduced anesthetic consumption, duration of ileus, pain intensity, analgesic consumption and hospital stay after breast plastic surgeries.

Comparison of pulmonary morbidity using sevoflurane or propofol-remifentanil anesthesia in an Ivor Lewis operation.

Objective: An inhalation anesthetic-induced attenuation effect on the inflammatory reaction during one-lung ventilation (OLV) has been reported. Pulmonary inflammation is a substantive prognostic factor for Ivor Lewis operations. Blood inflammatory parameters and postoperative pulmonary complications between sevoflurane and propofol-remifentanil anesthesia in patients undergoing Ivor Lewis operations were compared.

Postoperative obstructing laryngeal edema in patients with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis of cervical spine -A report of two cases-.

Two cases were reported in which severe postoperative laryngeal edema were developed after the operation of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) of cervical spine. In the first case, sudden airway obstruction was developed in the general ward 6 hour after uneventful decompression surgery for osteophyte. In the second patient, an elective preoperative tracheostomy was performed before surgery but the tube could not be removed for 2 months because of laryngeal edema and decreased vocal cord mobility.

Downregulation of constitutive and cytokine-induced complement 3 expression by morphine in rat astrocytes.

Background: The effect of opioids on inflammation and immune responses is an important subject of investigation because immunoregulatory cytokines are produced in the central nervous system and opioid receptors are widespread in these cells.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of morphine on the C3 expression (both constitutive and proinflammatory cytokine-induced C3 expression) in primary rat astrocytes.

Methods: Primary rat astrocytes were untreated or treated with morphine in different concentrations (10(-6) to 10(-2) M) before incubation without or with 5 U/mL tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C3 protein and mRNA expressions were measured.

Induction of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α inhibits drug-induced apoptosis in the human leukemic cell line HL-60.

Background: Leukemic cells originate from hypoxic bone marrow, which protects them from anti-cancer drugs. Although many factors that cause drug resistance in leukemic cells have been studied, the effect of hypoxia on drug-induced apoptosis is still poorly understood.

Methods: In this study, we examined the effect of hypoxia on anti-leukemic drug resistance in leukemic cell lines treated with cobalt chloride (CoCl(2)), a hypoxia-mimetic agent.