Intrathecal gastrodin alleviates allodynia in a rat spinal nerve ligation model through NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition.

Background: Gastrodin (GAS), a main bioactive component of the herbal plant, Gastrodia elata Blume, has shown to have beneficial effects on neuroinflammatory diseases such as Alzheimer's disease in animal studies and migraine in clinical studies. Inflammasome is a multimeric protein complex having a core of pattern recognition receptor and has been implicated in the development of neuroinflammatory diseases. Gastrodin has shown to modulate the activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome.

Antinociceptive effects of nefopam activating descending serotonergic modulation via 5-HT2 receptors in the nucleus raphe magnus.

Background: Nefopam is a centrally acting antinociceptive drug; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This study investigated the supraspinal mechanisms of nefopam.

Methods: The effects of intraperitoneally administered nefopam were assessed in rats using the formalin test, and the mechanisms were investigated by intrathecal or intra-nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) pre-treatment with the serotonin (5-HT) receptor antagonist or 5-HT2 receptor antagonist.

Imbalance in the spinal serotonergic pathway induces aggravation of mechanical allodynia and microglial activation in carrageenan inflammation.

Background: This study investigated the effect of an excess and a deficit of spinal 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on the mechanical allodynia and neuroglia activation in a rodent pain model of carrageenan inflammation.

Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with an intrathecal (i.t.

Comparison of Mechanical and Crack-Healing Properties of PE-PVA Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced SHCCs in Natural and Underwater Conditions.

This paper presents a direct comparison of the mechanical and crack-healing properties of strain hardening cementitious composites (SHCC) under water submersion in a laboratory and in a natural environment outdoors. Portland cement, slag, crumb rubber powder, and hybrid polyethylene and polyvinyl alcohol fibers were used for the SHCC, and mixture proportions were determined. Specimens were exposed to different environmental conditions.

Pharmacological interactions between intrathecal pregabalin plus tianeptine or clopidogrel in a rat model of neuropathic pain.

Background: There is still unmet need in treating neuropathic pain and increasing awareness regarding the use of drug combinations to increase the effectiveness of treatment and reduce adverse effects in patients with neuropathic pain.

Methods: This study was performed to determine the individual and combined effects of pregabalin, tianeptine, and clopidogrel in a rat model of neuropathic pain. The model was created by ligation of the L5-L6 spinal nerve in male Sprague-Dawley rats; mechanical allodynia was confirmed using von Frey filaments.

Antinociceptive effect of intrathecal P7C3 via GABA in a rat model of inflammatory pain.

The recently identified molecule P7C3 has been highlighted in the field of pain research. We examined the effect of intrathecal P7C3 in tissue injury pain evoked by formalin injection and determined the role of the GABA system in the activity of P7C3 at the spinal level. Male Sprague-Dawley rats with intrathecal catheters implanted for experimental drug delivery were studied.

Systemically administered neurotensin receptor agonist produces antinociception through activation of spinally projecting serotonergic neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla.

Background: Supraspinal delivery of neurotensin (NTS), which may contribute to the effect of a systemically administered agonist, has been reported to be either pronociceptive or antinociceptive. Here, we evaluated the effects of systemically administered NTSR1 agonist in a rat model of neuropathic pain and elucidated the underlying supraspinal mechanism.

Methods: Neuropathic pain was induced by L5 and L6 spinal nerve ligation in male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Prostaglandin D contributes to cisplatin-induced neuropathic pain in rats DP2 receptor in the spinal cord.

Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a major reason for stopping or changing anticancer therapy. Among the proposed pathomechanisms underlying CIPN, proinflammatory processes have attracted increasing attention. Here we assessed the role of prostaglandin D (PGD) signaling in cisplatin-induced neuropathic pain.

Avenanthramide C Prevents Neuronal Apoptosis via PI3K/Akt/GSK3β Signaling Pathway Following Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion.

Avenanthramides are a group of phenolic alkaloids that have been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-atherogenic, and vasodilation effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of avenanthramide-c (Avn-c) in focal brain ischemia and reperfusion injury using middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) model with mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into 4 groups: sham, control (MCAo), Avn-c, and Avn-c + LY294002 (phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor) group.

Antinociceptive role of neurotensin receptor 1 in rats with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.

Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a major side effect of anti-cancer drugs. Neurotensin receptors (NTSRs) are widely distributed within the pain circuits in the central nervous system. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of NTSR1 by examining the effects of an NTSR1 agonist in rats with CIPN and investigate the contribution of spinal serotonin receptors to the antinociceptive effect.

Antinociceptive effects of nefopam modulating serotonergic, adrenergic, and glutamatergic neurotransmission in the spinal cord.

The present study investigated the effects of intrathecal nefopam on the pain behavior and on the extracellular levels of serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), and glutamate in the spinal cord, in a rat model of pain induced by formalin. Nefopam was intrathecally administered 10 min prior to the formalin test to assess its antinociceptive effects. In another cohorts of animals, dihydroergocristine, yohimbine, or (RS)-α-Methylserine-O-phosphate (MSOP), a serotonergic, α-2 adrenergic receptor, or group III metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist, respectively, were administered prior to the application of nefopam in the formalin test.

Incidental detection of a retained left atrial catheter via intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in a patient undergoing tricuspid valve replacement: A case report.

Rationale: A cardiac foreign body can cause thrombosis or infection, but sometimes it may not cause any symptoms in a patient. The diagnosis is mainly performed using a radiological examination. Especially, ultrasound is useful not only for detecting the foreign body but also for hemodynamic findings.

Difficult intubation and anesthetic management in an adult patient with undiagnosed congenital tracheal stenosis: a case report.

In the operating room, unanticipated difficult intubation can occur and anesthesiologists can experience challenging situations. Undiagnosed tracheal stenosis caused by congenital factors, trauma, tumors, or post-intubation injury, can make advancing the endotracheal tube difficult. We present an adult patient in whom we were unable to pass an endotracheal tube into the trachea.

Strain-Hardening and High-Ductile Behavior of Alkali-Activated Slag-Based Composites with Added Zirconia Silica Fume.

This paper presents an experimental study on the effects of zirconia silica fume on the composite properties and cracking patterns of fiber-reinforced alkali-activated slag-based composites. Four mixtures were prepared with added zirconia silica fume and varying water-to-binder ratio. Polyethylene fiber was used as a reinforcing fiber for all the mixtures at a volumetric ratio of 2.

Febrile convulsions during recovery after anesthesia in an infant with history of MMR vaccination: A case report.

Rationale: Seizures are rare during the perioperative period; in most cases, there is a previous history of epilepsy or surgery-associated seizures. Febrile convulsions may occur when the body temperature rises above 38°C; this is the most common cause of seizures in children. Febrile convulsions after general anesthesia in the postanesthetic care unit (PACU) without a past or family history are rare.

Comparison of the effect of sevoflurane or propofol anesthesia on the regional cerebral oxygen saturation in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy: a prospective, randomized controlled study.

Background: The monitoring of regional cerebral oxygen saturation (SrO) using near-infrared spectroscopy is useful method to detect cerebral ischemia during. Sevoflurane and propofol decrease cerebral metabolic rate (CMRO) in a similar manner, but the effects on the cerebral blood flow (CBF) are different. We hypothesized that the effects of sevoflurane and propofol on SrO were different in patients with deficits of CBF.

Ginsenoside Rb1 increases macrophage phagocytosis through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/Akt pathway.

Background: Ginsenoside Rb1, a triterpene saponin, is derived from the root and has potent antiinflammatory activity. In this study, we determined if Rb1 can increase macrophage phagocytosis and elucidated the underlying mechanisms.

Methods: To measure macrophage phagocytosis, mouse peritoneal macrophages or RAW 264.

Effect of transportation method on preoperative anxiety in children: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of a wagon as a transport vehicle instead of the standard stretcher car to reduce children's anxiety of separation from parents. The secondary goal was to evaluate whether this anxiolytic effect was related to age.

Methods: We divided 80 children (age 2-7 years) into two groups.

Comparison of vocal cord view between neutral and sniffing position during orotracheal intubation using fiberoptic bronchoscope: a prospective, randomized cross over study.

Background: In intubation using fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB), partial or complete obstruction of upper airway makes the FOB insertion difficult. Thus, maneuvers to relieve such obstructions are recommended. There have been no studies to determine whether the sniffing or neutral position is superior for this purpose.

Activation of spinal macrophage-inducible C-type lectin induces mechanical allodynia and microglial activation in rats.

Macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle), a pattern recognition receptor, is a critical component of the innate immune system that is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic pain. Previous studies have reported the expression of Mincle in neuronal and glial cells of the brain, but its expression and role in pain processing at the spinal level remain to be determined. The current study was performed to identify Mincle in the spinal cord and to investigate the effect of Mincle activation on spinal sensitization.