Valorization of alum sludge via a pyrolysis platform using CO as reactive gas medium.

In an effort to seek a new technical platform for disposal of drinking water treatment sludge (DWTS: alum sludge), pyrolysis of DWTS was mainly investigated in this study. To establish a more sustainable thermolytic platform for DWTS, this study particularly employed CO as reactive gas medium. Thus, this study laid great emphasis on elucidating the mechanistic roles of CO during the thermolysis of DWTS.

Valorization of sewage sludge via non-catalytic transesterification.

To seek a way to valorize sewage sludge (SS), it was chosen as a raw material for biodiesel production. As such, non-catalytic transesterification of dried SS was carried out, to enhance its value. Note that picking a waste material such as SS as an inexpensive lipid feedstock for biodiesel production, without lipid extraction, greatly increases the economic viability of biodiesel.

Orange peel valorization by pyrolysis under the carbon dioxide environment.

To valorize biomass waste, pyrolysis of orange peel was mainly investigated as a case study. In an effort to establish a more sustainable thermolytic platform for orange peel, this study particularly employed CO as reactive gas medium. Accordingly, this study laid great emphasis on elucidating the mechanistic role of CO in pyrolysis of orange peel.

Biodiesel synthesis from fish waste via thermally-induced transesterification using clay as porous material.

The valorization of organic waste through biodiesel synthesis was investigated to explore the concept of hazardous waste-to-energy. Fish waste (mackerel waste) was chosen as a case study because of the growing concern regarding the treatment of food waste, which is potentially hazardous to the environment. This study focused on the thermally-induced transesterification of fish waste for the production of biodiesel (i.

CO-mediated chicken manure biochar manipulation for biodiesel production.

This study employs chicken manure as a feedstock to produce different forms of energy to abate environmental burdens. To achieve ultimate carbon management, the possible utilization of CO during pyrolysis of chicken manure was fundamentally investigated. The roles of CO in pyrolysis of chicken manure include enhanced thermal cracking and shifting of the carbon distribution via reaction between volatile organic compounds and CO.

Smart Food Waste Recycling Bin (S-FRB) to turn food waste into green energy resources.

Effective treatment of food waste is inherently difficult due to several factors, including its heterogeneous composition, high moisture content, and low heating value. To address these issues, this study aims to convert food waste into an energy resource using naturally occurring fermentative microorganisms embedded in wooden biochips (bio-catalysis), utilizing a "Smart Food Waste Recycling Bin" (S-FRB) system. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis identified the major aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria with alpha-diversity in terms of the Phylogenetic Diversity index ranging from 40.

Carbon dioxide assisted thermal decomposition of cattle excreta.

To develop the environmentally benign thermo-chemical process, this study placed great emphasis on the influence of CO on pyrolysis of cattle excreta for energy recovery. To this end, this study evaluates the possible enhanced energy recovery from cattle excreta using CO as reaction medium/feedstock in the thermal degradation of cattle excreta. The enhanced generation of CO in the presence of CO reached up to 15.

Quantification of volatile fatty acids from cattle manure via non-catalytic esterification for odour indication.

This report proposes a new approach to evaluate the odour nuisance of cattle manure samples from three different cattle breeds (i.e., native cattle, beef cattle, and milk cow) by means of quantification and speciation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs).

Quantification and speciation of volatile fatty acids in the aqueous phase.

This study lays great emphasis on establishing a reliable analytical platform to quantify and specify volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the aqueous phase by derivatizing VFAs into their corresponding alkyl esters via thermally-induced rapid esterification (only 10 s reaction time). To this end, reaction conditions for the thermally-induced rapid esterification are optimized. A volumetric ratio of 0.

Establishing a green platform for biodiesel synthesis via strategic utilization of biochar and dimethyl carbonate.

To establish a green platform for biodiesel production, this study mainly investigates pseudo-catalytic (non-catalytic) transesterification of olive oil. To this end, biochar from agricultural waste (maize residue) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as an acyl acceptor were used for pseudo-catalytic transesterification reaction. Reaction parameters (temperature and molar ratio of DMC to olive oil) were also optimized.

Analysis of fatty acids in mouse tissue via in situ transmethylation with biochar.

Lipid derivatization technology-mediated fatty acid profiling studies have been suggested to dissect the contents of lipids in white fat and brown fat tissue. The focus of this study is to profile fatty acid lipidomics in brown adipose tissue and white adipose tissue of mice by derivatizing their lipids into fatty acid methyl esters via in situ transmethylation using a rice husk-derived biochar as porous media. The in situ transmethylation using biochar is advantageous in biological analysis because there was no loss of samples inevitably occurring in the loss of lipid in solvent extraction and purification steps.

Employing CO as reaction medium for in-situ suppression of the formation of benzene derivatives and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during pyrolysis of simulated municipal solid waste.

This study proposes a strategic principle to enhance the thermal efficiency of pyrolysis of municipal solid waste (MSW). An environmentally sound energy recovery platform was established by suppressing the formation of harmful organic compounds evolved from pyrolysis of MSW. Using CO as reaction medium/feedstock, CO generation was enhanced through the following: 1) expediting the thermal cracking of volatile organic carbons (VOCs) evolved from the thermal degradation of the MSWs and 2) directly reacting VOCs with CO.

Evaluating the effectiveness of various biochars as porous media for biodiesel synthesis via pseudo-catalytic transesterification.

This study focuses on investigating the optimized chemical composition of biochar used as porous material for biodiesel synthesis via pseudo-catalytic transesterification. To this end, six biochars from different sources were prepared and biodiesel yield obtained from pseudo-catalytic transesterification of waste cooking oil using six biochars were measured. Biodiesel yield and optimal reaction temperature for pseudo-catalytic transesterification were strongly dependent on the raw material of biochar.

The effect of lead exposure on fatty acid composition in mouse brain analyzed using pseudo-catalytic derivatization.

We performed toxicological study of mice exposed to lead by quantifying fatty acids in brain of the mice. This study suggests that the introduced analytical method had an extremely high tolerance against impurities such as water and extractives; thus, it led to the enhanced resolution in visualizing the spectrum of fatty acid profiles in animal brain. Furthermore, one of the biggest technical advantages achieved in this study was the quantitation of fatty acid methyl ester profiles of mouse brain using a trace amount of sample (e.

Estimating total lipid content of Camelina sativa via pyrolysis assisted in-situ transesterification with dimethyl carbonate.

Direct derivatization of C. sativa seed into FAMEs without lipid extraction was conducted for the quantification of lipid analysis via in-situ thermal methylation with dimethyl carbonate as an acyl acceptor on silica (SiO). The introduced method had an extraordinarily high tolerance against impurities such as pyrolytic products and moisture.

In-situ pyrogenic production of biodiesel from swine fat.

In-situ production of fatty acid methyl esters from swine fat via thermally induced pseudo-catalytic transesterification on silica was investigated in this study. Instead of methanol, dimethyl carbonate (DMC) was used as acyl acceptor to achieve environmental benefits and economic viability. Thermo-gravimetric analysis of swine fat reveals that swine fat contains 19.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) mitigation in the pyrolysis process of waste tires using CO₂ as a reaction medium.

Our work reported the CO2-assisted mitigation of PAHs and VOCs in the thermo-chemical process (i.e., pyrolysis).

A comparative study on per capita waste generation according to a waste collecting system in Korea.

As cities are becoming increasingly aware of problems related to conventional mobile collection systems, automated pipeline-based vacuum collection (AVAC) systems have been introduced in some densely populated urban areas. The reasons are that in addition to cost savings, AVAC systems can be efficient, hygienic, and environmentally friendly. Despite difficulties in making direct comparisons of municipal waste between a conventional mobile collection system and an AVAC system, it is meaningful to measure the quantities in each of these collection methods either in total or on a per capita generation of waste (PCGW, g/(day*capita)) basis.