Solid-state self carbo-passivation for refurbishing colloidal dispersity of catalytic silica nanoreactors.

Silica-based nanostructures are among the most utilized materials. However, a persistent challenge is their irreversible agglomeration upon drying and heat treatments, restricting their homogeneous colloidal re-dispersion - a mandatory requirement for diverse bio-applications. We address this bottleneck by developing a self carbo-passivation (SCP) strategy: silica nanoparticles (NPs), pre-included with the catalytic metal precursors and organosilanes undergo thermochemical conversion with highly controlled interior-to-surface segregation of nanometer-scale "carbonaceous skin patches".

Yttrium Doping Effects on Ferroelectricity and Electric Properties of As-Deposited HfZrO Thin Films via Atomic Layer Deposition.

HfZrO (HZO) thin films are versatile materials suitable for advanced ferroelectric semiconductor devices. Previous studies have shown that the ferroelectricity of HZO thin films can be stabilized by doping them with group III elements at low concentrations. While doping with Y improves the ferroelectric properties, there has been limited research on Y-HZO thin films fabricated using atomic layer deposition (ALD).

Stratum-Confined Solid-State Reaction (SC-SSR) toward Colloidal Silicon-Based Hollow Nanostructures for Bioapplications.

Silicon nanostructures (SiNSs) can provide multifaceted bioapplications; but preserving their subhundred nm size during high-temperature silica-to-silicon conversion is the major bottleneck. The SC-SSR utilizes an interior metal-silicide stratum space at a predetermined radial distance inside silica nanosphere to guide the magnesiothermic reduction reaction (MTR)-mediated synthesis of hollow and porous SiNSs. In depth mechanistic study explores solid-to-hollow transformation encompassing predefined radial boundary through the participation of metal-silicide species directing the in-situ formed Si-phase accumulation within the narrow stratum.

Ghost-Template-Faceted Synthesis of Tunable Amorphous Hollow Silica Nanostructures and Their Ordered Mesoscale Assembly.

Despite the enormous applications of and fundamental scientific interest in amorphous hollow-silica nanostructures (s), their synthesis in crystal-like nonspherical polygonal architectures is challenging. Herein, we present a facile one-shot synthetic procedure for various unconventional s with controllable surface curvatures (concave, convex, or angular), symmetries (spherical, polygonal, or Janus), and interior architectures (open or closed walls) by the addition of a metal salt and implementing kinetic handles of silica precursor (silanes/ammonia) concentrations and reverse-micellar volume. During the silica growth, we identified the key role of transiently crystallized metal coordination complexes as a nanopolyhedral "ghost template", which provides facet-selective interactions with amino-silica monomers and guides the differential silica growth that produces different s.

Combined Treatment with Low-Level Laser and rhBMP-2 Promotes Differentiation and Mineralization of Osteoblastic Cells under Hypoxic Stress.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of low-level laser treatment (LLLT) and recombinant human bone morphological protein-2 (rhBMP-2) applied to hypoxic-cultured MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells and to determine possible signaling pathways underlying differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts under hypoxia.

Methods: MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured under 1% oxygen tension for 72 h. Cell cultures were divided into four groups: normoxia control, low-level laser (LLL) alone, rhBMP-2 combined with LLLT, and rhBMP-2 under hypoxia.

A Hybrid Gate Dielectrics of Ion Gel with Ultra-Thin Passivation Layer for High-Performance Transistors Based on Two-Dimensional Semiconductor Channels.

We propose a hybrid gate structure for ion gel dielectrics using an ultra-thin AlO passivation layer for realizing high-performance devices based on electric-double-layer capacitors. Electric-double-layer transistors can be applied to practical devices with flexibility and transparency as well as research on the fundamental physical properties of channel materials; however, they suffer from inherent unwanted leakage currents between electrodes, especially for channel materials with low off-currents. Therefore, the AlO passivation layer was introduced between the metal electrodes and ion gel film as a leakage current barrier; this simple approach effectively reduced the leakage current without capacitance degradation.

High speed image space parallel processing for computer-generated integral imaging system.

In an integral imaging display, the computer-generated integral imaging method has been widely used to create the elemental images from a given three-dimensional object data. Long processing time, however, has been problematic especially when the three-dimensional object data set or the number of the elemental lenses are large. In this paper, we propose an image space parallel processing method, which is implemented by using Open Computer Language (OpenCL) for rapid generation of the elemental images sets from large three-dimensional volume data.

Modulation of physical properties of polyvinylsiloxane impression materials by filler type combination.

Polyvinylsiloxanes (PVS), used as dental impression materials, were formulated with the variation of loading combination of six types of fillers including nano-sized fumed silica. The fillers were blended with three types of silicone polymers together with cross-linker and inhibitor in base paste and with plasticizer and platinum catalyst in catalyst paste. By replacing parts of crystalline quartz with other fillers, the setting time became much faster.