Electronic Switching between Hot Electrons and Hot Holes via Schottky Junctions during Chemical Reactions.

Hot carriers, generated through nonadiabatic energy dissipation during exothermic catalytic reactions, play a pivotal role in enhancing catalytic performance. Upon generation, hot electrons typically reside in the sp-band above the Fermi level, while hot holes are formed in the -band below the Fermi level, following the energy distribution of the metal's electronic structure. However, it has been technically challenging to simultaneously capture and understand the flow of these two opposite charges during chemical reactions.

Reconfiguring hot-hole flux via polarity modulation of p-GaN in plasmonic Schottky architectures.

While energetic plasmonic hot carriers in nonthermal equilibrium states have pushed the limits of energy conversion efficiency in plasmon-driven photocatalysts and optoelectronics, the acceleration of plasmonic hot-hole flux remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate an approach to control the generation and injection nature of plasmonic hot holes released from Au nanomesh/p-type GaN (p-GaN) Schottky architecture by modulating polarity of p-GaN. This polarity modulation enhances the flux of hot holes into the plasmonic platform, thereby accelerating Landau damping stemming from increased effective heat capacity of hot electrons in the metallic nanomaterial.

Simultaneous Harvesting of Bipolar Plasmonic Hot Carriers for Boosting Photoconductivity in Ag Nanoprism-Coupled Lateral Si p-n Junction.

Plasmonic hot carriers have garnered considerable attention in photovoltaics and photocatalysis, yet their full potential is limited by the challenge of harvesting both positive and negative polarity hot carriers at the same time. Here, an unprecedented plasmonic hot carrier device capable of extracting both types of hot carriers simultaneously is demonstrated. This scheme involves generating and harnessing plasmonic hot electrons and holes concurrently using a lateral Si p-n junction diode coupled to Ag nanoprisms.

Clinical practice guidelines for cervical cancer: an update of the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology Guidelines.

We describe the updated Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology (KSGO) practice guideline for the management of cervical cancer, version 5.1. The KSGO announced the fifth version of its clinical practice guidelines for the management of cervical cancer in March 2024.

Comparison of the Modified CTOD Measurement Method with the Double Clip Gauge Method in a Compact Tension Specimen.

For allowable defect analyses, the fracture toughness of materials needs to be accurately predicted. In this regard, a lower fluctuation of fracture toughness can lead to reduction in safety and economic risks. Crack tip opening displacement (CTOD), which is the representative parameter for fracture toughness, can be measured by various methods, such as the δ5, the J-conversion method, the single clip gauge method, and the double clip gauge method.

CO-Driven Oxygen Vacancy Diffusion and Healing on TiO(110) at Ambient Pressure.

Understanding how TiO interacts with CO at the molecular level is crucial in the CO reduction toward value-added energy sources. Here, we report in situ observations of the CO activation process on the reduced TiO(110) surface at room temperature using ambient pressure scanning tunneling microscopy. We find that oxygen vacancies (V) diffuse dynamically along the bridging oxygen (O) rows of the TiO(110) surface under ambient CO(g) environments.

Long-Term Outcomes of Neoadjuvant Therapy Versus Upfront Surgery for Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the long-term effects of neoadjuvant therapy and upfront surgery on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 202 patients, including 167 who had upfront surgery and 35 who received neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery. Surgical outcomes and survival rates were compared using propensity score matching to minimize selection bias.

Mobile Application for Digital Health Coaching in the Self-Management of Older Adults with Multiple Chronic Conditions: A Development and Usability Study.

Objectives: This study was conducted to develop a mobile application for digital health coaching to support self-management in older adults with multiple chronic conditions. Additionally, the usability of this application was evaluated.

Methods: The HAHA2022 mobile application was developed through a multidisciplinary team approach, incorporating digital health coaching strategies targeting community-dwelling older adults with multiple chronic conditions.

Reversibly Compressible Silanated Cellulose Nanofibril Aerogel for Triboelectric Taekwondo Scoring Sensors.

The integration of bio-based materials into triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) for energy harvesting from human body motions has sparked considerable research attention. Here, a silanated cellulose nanofibril (SCNF) aerogel is reported for structurally reliable TENGs and reversely compressible Taekwondo scoring sensors under repeated impacts. The preparation of the aerogel involves silanizing cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) with vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS), following by freeze-drying and post-heating treatment.

Atomic-Scale Friction and Adhesion at Ambient Pressure.

In this Perspective, we present the recent advancement and the prospects of atomic-scale friction and adhesion measurements across the between ultrahigh vacuum and ambient pressure environments using variable-pressure atomic force microscopy (VP-AFM). We introduce the VP-AFM that enables nanotribological studies under various gas conditions with partial pressure ranging from UHV (1.0 × 10 mbar) to 1 bar.

Survival predictors in patients with pancreatic cancer on liposomal irinotecan plus fluorouracil/leucovorin: a multicenter observational study.

Background: Approximately half of the patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) receive subsequent lines of chemotherapy. Recently, the liposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI) plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (5-FU/LV) regimen is recommended as subsequent lines of chemotherapy. However, little is known about the predictive factors for the nal-IRI + 5-FU/LV regimen, especially in patients with previous irinotecan (IRI) exposure.

Interfacial Engineering of Mn Porphyrin/Au Electrodes for Identifying MnO as the Active Species under Oxygen Evolution Reactions.

Understanding the influence of surface structural features at a molecular level is beneficial in guiding an electrode's mechanistic proposals for electrocatalytic reactions. The relationship between structural stability and catalytic activity significantly impacts reaction performance, even though atomistic knowledge of active sites remains a topic of discussion. In this context, this work presents scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) results for the highly ordered arrangement of manganese porphyrin molecules on a Au(111) surface; STM allows us to monitor active sites at a molecular level to focus on long-standing issues with the electrocatalytic process, especially the exact nature of the real active sites at the interfaces.

Tailoring morphological and chemical contributions of nanoscale charge transfer for enhanced triboelectric nanogenerators.

Triboelectric devices, operating through contact electrification (CE) and electrostatic induction, have shown great promise in energy harvesting applications. However, optimizing charge transfer at the interface remains crucial for enhancing device performance. This study introduces a novel approach to harnessing CE by employing morphological and chemical modifications of polymers.

Influence of MXene Composition on Triboelectricity of MXene-Alginate Nanocomposites.

MXenes are highly versatile and conductive 2D materials that can significantly enhance the triboelectric properties of polymer nanocomposites. Despite the growing interest in the tunable chemistry of MXenes for energy applications, the effect of their chemical composition on triboelectric power generation has yet to be thoroughly studied. Here, we investigate the impact of the chemical composition of MXenes, specifically the TiCNT carbonitride vs the most studied carbide, TiCT, on their interactions with sodium alginate biopolymer and, ultimately, the performance of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) device.

Factors Associated With Repeat Surgery in Cervical Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligaments: Minimum 8-year Follow-up Study.

Study Design: Single-center retrospective study.

Objective: The objective of this study is to identify the factors leading to repeat surgery in patients with cervical ossification of the longitudinal ligament (OPLL) during a minimal 8-year follow-up after the initial surgery.

Summary Of Background Data: The long-term effects of cervical OPLL are well known, but it's not always clear how many patients need to have surgery again because their neurological symptoms get worse.

Transgelin-2, a novel cancer stem cell-related biomarker, is a diagnostic and therapeutic target for biliary tract cancer.

Background: Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is a relatively rare but aggressive gastrointestinal cancer with a high mortality rate. Cancer stem cell (CSC) populations play crucial roles in tumor biology and are responsible for the low response to anti-cancer treatment and the high recurrence rate. This study investigated the role of Transgelin-2 (TAGLN2), overexpressed in CSC in BTC cells, and analyzed its expression in patient tissues and serum to identify potential new targets for BTC.

Revealing the Loss Mechanism of Chemically-Induced Hot Electron Transport.

Hot electrons are crucial for unraveling the intrinsic relationship between chemical reactions and charge transfer in heterogeneous catalysis. Significant research focused on real-time detection of reaction-driven hot electron flow (chemicurrent) to elucidate the energy conversion mechanisms, but it remains elusive because carrier generation contributes to only part of the entire process. Here, a theoretical model for quantifying the chemicurrent yield is presented by clarifying the contributions of hot carrier losses from the internal emission and multiple reflections.

Clinical practice guidelines for cervical cancer: the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology guidelines.

This fifth revised version of the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology practice guidelines for the management of cervical cancer incorporates recent research findings and changes in treatment strategies based on version 4.0 released in 2020. Each key question was developed by focusing on recent notable insights and crucial contemporary issues in the field of cervical cancer.

Uncovering the clinicopathological features of early recurrence after surgical resection of pancreatic cancer.

To identify risk factors and biomarker for early recurrence in patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer who undergo curative resection. Early recurrence after curative resection of pancreatic cancer is an obstacle to long-term survival. We retrospectively reviewed 162 patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer who underwent curative resection.

Antimicrobial Activity of Morphology-Controlled CuO Nanoparticles: Oxidation Stability under Humid and Thermal Conditions.

Metal oxides can be used as antimicrobial agents, especially since they can be fabricated into various forms such as films, masks, and filters. In particular, the durability of antimicrobial agents and the duration of their antimicrobial activity are important factors that determine their suitability for a specific purpose. These factors are related to the morphology and size of particles.

Revealing the Substrate Constraint Effect on the Thermodynamic Behaviour of the Pd-H through Capacitive-Based Hydrogen-Sorption Measurement.

Mechanical constraints imposed on the Pd-H system can induce significant strain upon hydrogenation-induced expansion, potentially leading to changes in the thermodynamic behavior, such as the phase-transition pressure. However, the investigation of the constraint effect is often tricky due to the lack of simple experimental techniques for measuring hydrogenation-induced expansion. In this study, a capacitive-based measurement system is developed to monitor hydrogenation-induced areal expansion, which allows us to control and evaluate the magnitude of the substrate constraint.

Comparison of Physician-Controlled Maneuver and Assistant-Controlled Maneuver during Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography.

Purpose: Cannulation of the major papilla is the most challenging part of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for which physician-controlled wire-guided cannulation (PCWGC) and assistant-controlled wire-guided cannulation (ACWGC) are used as the cannulation techniques. PCWGC can reportedly save up to about 30% of the labor cost by reducing the number of assistants. This study aims to compare the safety and efficacy of PCWGC and ACWGC.