Anthocyanins from L. Inhibit Melanogenesis by Activating the ERK Signaling Pathway.

L. exhibited promising potential as a new source of food and colorants containing various anthocyanins. However, the function of anthocyanins from L.

Surgical outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for severe acute cholecystitis.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in patients who were diagnosed with severe acute cholecystitis (SAC) and to clarify the useful treatment modalities of SAC. Of 112 patients who presented SAC, we selected 99 patients and divided them into 3 groups: 37 patients who underwent preoperative percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD; group 1), 62 patients with SAC but not indicated for PTGBD (group 2), and 59 patients with acute and chronic cholecystitis (group 3). The conversion rate was 2.