Expression of CgCDR1, CgCDR2, and CgERG11 in Candida glabrata biofilms formed by bloodstream isolates.

Many studies have shown that Candida biofilms are highly resistant to fluconazole. The mechanisms of acquired fluconazole resistance of Candida glabrata in non-biofilms have been elucidated, but the relevance of them relative to C. glabrata in biofilms are unknown.

[Resolution of ABO Discrepancies by ABO Genotyping.].

Background: Before a blood transfusion, both red cell and serum typing need to be matched for ABO tests on the donor and patient (recipient). When a mismatch exists in the tests, additional ABO genotyping and serological tests are required for the resolution of the discrepancy. We performed ABO genotyping on a series of blood donors and patients with ABO discrepancies to assist in resolving their blood groups.

A dispermic chimera with mixed field blood group B and mosaic 46,XY/47,XYY karyotype.

Chimerism in humans is a rare phenomenon often initially identified in the resolution of an ABO blood type discrepancy. We report a dispermic chimera who presented with mixed field in his B antigen typing that might have been mistaken for the B3 subtype. The propositus is a healthy Korean male blood donor.

Changes in karyotype and azole susceptibility of sequential bloodstream isolates from patients with Candida glabrata candidemia.

We examined the changes in genotypes and azole susceptibilities among sequential bloodstream isolates of Candida glabrata during the course of fungemia and the relationship of these changes to antifungal therapy. Forty-one isolates were obtained from 15 patients (9 patients who received antifungal therapy and 6 patients who did not) over periods of up to 36 days. The isolates were analyzed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and tested for antifungal susceptibility to fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole.

Differences in biofilm production by three genotypes of Candida parapsilosis from clinical sources.

Three distinct genotypes of Candida parapsilosis (group I, II, and III) have been identified among clinical isolates but their clinical significance remains unclear. We investigated the distribution of C. parapsilosis genotypes in isolates from blood, all other sites from patients, and the hands of health care workers (HCWs), and we examined the relationship between genotype and biofilm positivity.

Microevolution of Candida albicans strains during catheter-related candidemia.

We examined microevolution in a series of Candida albicans strains isolated from patients with catheter-related candidemia. Sixty-one isolates (29 from blood, 18 from catheters, 10 from urine, and 4 from other sites) were obtained from 15 patients who were admitted to the same hospital over a 3-year period. Isolates were analyzed by using Southern hybridization with the C1 fragment of Ca3 as a probe (C1 fingerprinting) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).

Molecular investigation of two consecutive nosocomial clusters of Candida tropicalis candiduria using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing was applied to the epidemiological investigation of 21 Candida tropicalis isolates collected from urine specimens of 11 patients and one healthcare worker, in an intensive care unit (ICU) over a 4-month period. Seventeen epidemiologically unrelated strains from 14 patients were also tested to determine the discriminatory power of PFGE. PFGE typing consisted of electrophoretic karyotyping (EK) and restriction endonuclease analysis of genomic DNA (REAG), using two restriction enzymes (BssHII and SfiI).