The microbial metabolite imidazole propionate dysregulates bone homeostasis by inhibiting AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling.

Microbial metabolites provide numerous benefits to the human body but can also contribute to diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, and bone disorders. However, the role of imidazole propionate (ImP), a histidine-derived metabolite produced by the intestinal microbiome, in bone metabolism and the development of osteoporosis is still poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of ImP and its underlying mechanisms in regulating bone homeostasis.

The MCP-3/Ccr3 axis contributes to increased bone mass by affecting osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation.

Several CC subfamily chemokines have been reported to regulate bone metabolism by affecting osteoblast or osteoclast differentiation. However, the role of monocyte chemotactic protein 3 (MCP-3), a CC chemokine, in bone remodeling is not well understood. Here, we show that MCP-3 regulates bone remodeling by promoting osteoblast differentiation and inhibiting osteoclast differentiation.

Enhancement of Intracellular Cholesterol Efflux in Chondrocytes Leading to Alleviation of Osteoarthritis Progression.

Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative disease worldwide, with no practical means of prevention and limited treatment options. Recently, our group unveiled a novel mechanism contributing to OA pathogenesis in association with abnormal cholesterol metabolism in chondrocytes. In this study, we aimed to establish a clinical link between lipid profiles and OA in humans, assess the effectiveness of cholesterol-lowering drugs in suppressing OA development in mice, and uncover the cholesterol-lowering mechanisms that effectively impede OA progression.

Stanniocalcin 1 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D cooperatively regulate bone mineralization by osteoblasts.

Stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) is a calcium- and phosphate-regulating hormone that is expressed in all tissues, including bone tissues, and is involved in calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Previously, STC1 expression was found to be increased by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)D] administration in renal proximal tubular cells. In this study, we investigated whether STC1 directly regulates osteoblast differentiation or reciprocally controls the effects of 1,25(OH)D on osteoblasts to contribute to bone homeostasis.

A Flagellin-Adjuvanted Trivalent Mucosal Vaccine Targeting Key Periodontopathic Bacteria.

Periodontal disease (PD) is caused by microbial dysbiosis and accompanying adverse inflammatory responses. Due to its high incidence and association with various systemic diseases, disease-modifying treatments that modulate dysbiosis serve as promising therapeutic approaches. In this study, to simulate the pathophysiological situation, we established a "temporary ligature plus oral infection model" that incorporates a temporary silk ligature and oral infection with a cocktail of live (), (), and () in mice and tested the efficacy of a new trivalent mucosal vaccine.

Effect of 3D-printed polycaprolactone/osteolectin scaffolds on the odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells.

Cell-based tissue engineering often requires the use of scaffolds to provide a three-dimensional (3D) framework for cell proliferation and tissue formation. Polycaprolactone (PCL), a type of polymer, has good printability, favorable surface modifiability, adaptability, and biodegradability. However, its large-scale applicability is hindered by its hydrophobic nature, which affects biological properties.

The potential bone regeneration effects of leptin- and osteolectin-coated 3D-printed PCL scaffolds: anstudy.

This study investigated the effectiveness of bone regeneration upon the application of leptin and osteolectin to a three-dimensional (3D) printed poly(-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffold. A fused deposition modeling 3D bioprinter was used to fabricate scaffolds with a diameter of 4.5 mm, a height of 0.

Evaluation of Aligners and Root Resorption: An Overview of Systematic Reviews.

To evaluate the current evidence on clear aligners and root resorption using 3D and/or combined 2D and 3D methods from available systematic reviews and meta-analyses and to determine the relationship between root resorption and clear aligners using the AMSTAR 2 tool. A comprehensive literature search of systematic reviews investigating aligners and root resorption, published up until 31 December 2022, was conducted. The following electronic databases were searched: MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, LIVIVO, and LILACS.

Nodal negatively regulates osteoclast differentiation by inducing STAT1 phosphorylation.

Several members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily regulate the proliferation, differentiation, and function of bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. However, it is still unknown whether Nodal, a member of the TGF-β superfamily, serves a function in bone cells. In this study, we found that Nodal did not have any function in osteoblasts but instead negatively regulated osteoclast differentiation.

Baicalein inhibits IL-1β-induced extracellular matrix degradation with decreased MCP-1 expression in primary rat chondrocytes.

Unlabelled: Baicalein is a flavonoid extracted from the roots of and . This compound exerts various biochemical activities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The study aimed to investigate the effect of baicalein on articular cartilage cells and elucidate its underlying mechanism.

Ginsenoside Rb1 alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in human dental pulp cells via the PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, and MAPK signalling pathways.

Aim: Among numerous constituents of Panax ginseng, a constituent named Ginsenoside Rb1 (G-Rb1) has been studied to diminish inflammation associated with diseases. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of G-Rb1 on human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and aimed to determine the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methodology: The KEGG pathway analysis was performed after RNA sequencing in G-Rb1- and LPS-treated hDPCs.

MCP-5 suppresses osteoclast differentiation through Ccr5 upregulation.

Human monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in mice has two orthologs, MCP-1 and MCP-5. MCP-1, which is highly expressed in osteoclasts rather than in osteoclast precursor cells, is an important factor in osteoclast differentiation. However, the roles of MCP-5 in osteoclasts are completely unknown.

Sestrin2 inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis through AMPK activation and ROS inhibition.

Sestrins are stress-responsive proteins with antioxidant properties. They participate in cellular redox balance and protect against oxidative damage. This study investigated the effects of Sestrin2 (Sesn2) on osteoclast differentiation and function.

Disruption of cholesterol homeostasis triggers periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone loss.

Oral diseases exhibit a significant association with metabolic syndrome, including dyslipidemia. However, direct evidence supporting this relationship is lacking, and the involvement of cholesterol metabolism in the pathogenesis of periodontitis (PD) has yet to be determined. In this study, we showed that high cholesterol caused periodontal inflammation in mice.

Osteolectin Promotes Odontoblastic Differentiation in Human Dental Pulp Cells.

Introduction: Osteolectin is a secreted glycoprotein of the C-type lectin domain superfamily, expressed in bone tissues and is reported as a novel osteogenic factor that promotes bone regeneration. However, the effect of osteolectin on human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) has not been reported. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the odontoblastic differentiation of osteolectin in hDPCs and further attempt to reveal its underlying mechanism.

Boeravinone B, a natural rotenoid, inhibits osteoclast differentiation through modulating NF-κB, MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.

Osteoporosis is a major public health concern, which requires novel therapeutic strategies to prevent or mitigate bone loss. Natural compounds have attracted attention as potential therapeutic agents due to their safety and efficacy. In this study, we investigated the regulatory activities of boeravinone B (BOB), a natural rotenoid isolated from the medicinal plant Boerhavia diffusa, on the differentiation of osteoclasts and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the two main cell components responsible for bone remodeling.

Pirfenidone Inhibits Alveolar Bone Loss in Ligature-Induced Periodontitis by Suppressing the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Mice.

There has been increasing interest in adjunctive use of anti-inflammatory drugs to control periodontitis. This study was performed to examine the effects of pirfenidone (PFD) on alveolar bone loss in ligature-induced periodontitis in mice and identify the relevant mechanisms. Experimental periodontitis was established by ligating the unilateral maxillary second molar for 7 days in mice (n = 8 per group), and PFD was administered daily via intraperitoneal injection.

Gulp1 deficiency augments bone mass in male mice by affecting osteoclasts due to elevated 17β-estradiol levels.

The engulfment adaptor phosphotyrosine-binding domain containing 1 (GULP1) is an adaptor protein involved in the engulfment of apoptotic cells via phagocytosis. Gulp1 was first found to promote the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages, and its role in various tissues, including neurons and ovaries, has been well studied. However, the expression and function of GULP1 in bone tissue are poorly understood.

Overexpression of Neurogenin 1 Negatively Regulates Osteoclast and Osteoblast Differentiation.

Neurogenin 1 (Ngn1) belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor family and plays important roles in specifying neuronal differentiation. The present study aimed to determine whether forced Ngn1 expression contributes to bone homeostasis. Ngn1 inhibited the p300/CREB-binding protein-associated factor (PCAF)-induced acetylation of nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) through binding to PCAF, which led to the inhibition of osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation, respectively.

Activation and increased production of interleukin-17 and tumour necrosis factor-α of mucosal-associated invariant T cells in patients with periodontitis.

Aim: Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are known to be resident in oral mucosal tissue, but their roles in periodontitis are unknown. This study aimed to examine the level and function of MAIT cells in periodontitis patients.

Materials And Methods: Frequency, activation, and function of MAIT cells from 28 periodontitis patients and 28 healthy controls (HCs) were measured by flow cytometry.

Transcription Factor Lmx1b Negatively Regulates Osteoblast Differentiation and Bone Formation.

The LIM-homeodomain transcription factor Lmx1b plays a key role in body pattern formation during development. Although Lmx1b is essential for the normal development of multiple tissues, its regulatory mechanism in bone cells remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that Lmx1b negatively regulates bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2)-induced osteoblast differentiation.

The ATF3-OPG Axis Contributes to Bone Formation by Regulating the Differentiation of Osteoclasts, Osteoblasts, and Adipocytes.

Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) has been identified as a negative regulator of osteoblast differentiation in in vitro study. However, it was not associated with osteoblast differentiation in in vivo study. To provide an understanding of the discrepancy between the in vivo and in vitro findings regarding the function of ATF3 in osteoblasts, we investigated the unidentified roles of ATF3 in osteoblast biology.

Sclerostin in periodontal ligament: Homeostatic regulator in biophysical force-induced tooth movement.

Aim: To study the role of sclerostin in periodontal ligament (PDL) as a homeostatic regulator in biophysical-force-induced tooth movement (BFTM).

Materials And Methods: BFTM was performed in rats, followed by microarray, immunofluorescence, in situ hybridization, and real-time polymerase chain reaction for the detection and identification of the molecules. The periodontal space was analysed via micro-computed tomography.

The Effects of 3-Dimensional Bioprinting Calcium Silicate Cement/Methacrylated Gelatin Scaffold on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells.

A calcium silicate cement/methacrylated gelatin (GelMa) scaffold has been applied in tissue engineering; however, the research on its applications in dental tissue regeneration remains lacking. We investigate the effect of this scaffold on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). hDPSCs were cultured in 3D-printed GelMa and MTA-GelMa scaffolds.

Toll-Like Receptor 5 Promotes the Neurogenesis From Embryonic Stem Cells and Adult Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells in Mice.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) make a crucial contribution to the innate immune response. TLR5 was expressed in embryoid body derived from mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and βIII-tubulin-positive cells under all-trans retinoic acid-treated condition. TLR5 was upregulated during neural differentiation from mESCs and augmented the neural differentiation of mESCs via nuclear factor-κB and interleukin 6/CREB pathways.