Pulmonary valve replacement may not restore ventricular volume and functional status in patients with pulmonary regurgitation after late tetralogy of Fallot repair.

Objectives: Clinically, tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) patients who underwent repair late (older than 2 years) appears to have worse outcomes after pulmonary valve replacement than patients who underwent repair early. We proceeded to review the clinical features of late-repaired TOF patients who required pulmonary valve replacement.

Methods: Fifty patients who underwent pulmonary valve replacement after TOF repair over the age of 2 years from 2000 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed.

Surgical outcomes of infective endocarditis in children: should we delay surgery for infective endocarditis?

Objectives: We compared the surgical outcomes of infective endocarditis (IE) between early surgery and non-early surgery groups in children.

Methods: From January 2000 to April 2020, we retrospectively reviewed 50 patients <18years of age who underwent first surgery for IE. Early surgery was defined as that performed within 2 days for left-sided IE and 7 days for right-sided IE after diagnosis.

Effect of Pulmonary Valve Replacement in the Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot Patients with Trans-annular Incision: More than 20 Years of Follow-up.

Background And Objectives: We reviewed the long-term outcomes after tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) repair with trans-annular incision; and evaluated the effectiveness of pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) on outcomes.

Methods: This was a retrospective review of clinical outcomes of 180 of 196 TOF patients who underwent total correction with trans-annular incision from 1991 to 1997 (PVR group: 81; non-PVR group: 99).

Results: The median age of the patients was 14.

Tricuspid valve detachment for ventricular septal defect closure in infants <5 kg: should we be hesitant?

Objectives: We compared the clinical outcomes between tricuspid valve detachment (TVD) and non-TVD for ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure in infants <5 kg.

Methods: From January 2004 to April 2020, 462 infants <5 kg with VSD without more complex intracardiac lesions and who had undergone VSD closure through the trans-atrial approach were enrolled. Propensity score-matching analysis was performed.

Changes of hospitalization trend in the pediatric cardiology division of a single center by increasing adult with congenital heart disease.

Background: As a result of advances in pediatric care and diagnostic testing, there is a growing population of adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD). The purpose of this study was to better define the epidemiology and changes in the trend of hospitalizations for ACHD in Korean society.

Methods: We reviewed outpatient and inpatient data from 2005 to 2017 to identify patient ≥18 years of age admitted for acute care with a congenital heart disease (CHD) diagnosis in the pediatric cardiology division.

Outcomes of Supra-annular Mechanical Atrioventricular Valve Replacement with Polytetrafluoroethylene Graft in Infants and Children.

Despite improvements in valve repair techniques, conditions in which infants and children need for mechanical valve replacement (MVR) are still present. We analyzed supra-annular MVR outcomes in infants and children with small annulus and compared them with conventional annular MVR outcomes. Data were collected retrospectively from medical records of infants and children (weighing < 20 kg) who underwent atrioventricular valve replacement with mechanical valve in Seoul National University Children's Hospital between December 1984 and January 2019.

Long-term Follow-up of Epicardial Pacing and Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Children With Congenital Heart Block.

Background: Patients with congenital complete atrioventricular block often require lifelong pacemaker therapy, which has a risk of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. The aim of our study was to determine the long-term effects of epicardial pacing on LV function and dyssynchrony in children with congenital heart block.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study at a single tertiary center in which 34 pediatric patients with isolated congenital complete heart block who underwent epicardial pacemaker implantation from 1987 to 2016 were enrolled.

Reversibility of Pulmonary Hypertension Following Surgical Atrial Septal Defect Closure in Children with Down Syndrome.

Background: Many Down syndrome (DS) patients have an atrial septal defect (ASD) and associated pulmonary hypertension (PH) from early childhood. ASD closure in DS patients with PH is often controversial due to concerns regarding exacerbation of PH. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical outcome following surgical ASD closure in children with DS.

Hybrid Pulmonary Vein Stenting in Infants with Refractory to Surgical Pulmonary Vein Stenosis Repair.

Pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) is still a frustrating disease with extremely high mortality, especially in children with multiple severe PVS. Hybrid pulmonary vein stenting (HPVS) is a rescue treatment for recurrent and malignant PVS. The aim of this study is to share our successful experience with intraoperative HPVS for recurrent PVS after total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) repair in infant.

Surgical results of mitral valve repair for congenital mitral valve stenosis in paediatric patients.

Objectives: Mitral valve (MV) repairs have been performed in paediatric patients with congenital MV stenosis. However, congenital MV stenosis lesions are a heterogeneous group of lesions, and their repair remains challenging.

Methods: From March 1999 to September 2014, MV repair was performed in 22 patients with congenital MV stenosis.

Clinical Characteristics and Independent Factors Related to Long-Term Outcomes in Patients with Left Isomerism.

Background And Objectives: We studied the results of patient management for left isomerism (LI) and sought to determine factors that may influence survival and prognosis.

Subjects And Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 76 patients who were compatible with LI criteria between 1982 and 2014.

Results: Of the total study population, 29 patients (38.

Experience with Mechanical Circulatory Support for Medically Intractable Low Cardiac Output in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

Background And Objectives: Mechanical circulatory support with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and ventricular assist device has always been the optimal choice for treating the majority of medically intractable low cardiac output case. We retrospectively investigated our institution's outcomes and variables associated with a high risk of mortality.

Subjects And Methods: From 1999 to 2014, 86 patients who were of pediatric age or had grown-up congenital heart disease underwent mechanical circulatory support for medically intractable low cardiac output in our pediatric intensive care unit.

Anticalcification effect of a combination of decellularization, organic solvents and amino acid detoxification on glutaraldehyde-fixed xenopericardial heart valves in a large-animal long-term circulatory model.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the effect of a combination of anticalcification treatments, which were effective for preventing calcification in a small animal experiment, on glutaraldehyde-fixed xenopericardial valves using a large-animal long-term circulatory model.

Methods: Valved conduits were made of porcine pericardium as a leaflet and bovine pericardium as a conduit and were implanted into the right ventricular outflow tract of goats under cardiopulmonary bypass. The goats were divided into study (glutaraldehyde + combined anticalcification treatment, n = 6) and control (glutaraldehyde alone, n = 9) groups.

The Effects of Modification to Lateral Tunnel Fontan Procedure for Prophylactic Arrhythmia Surgery.

Background: Refractory atrial arrhythmias and hemodynamic abnormalities are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality after the Fontan operation. We evaluated the long-term feasibility, safety, and efficacy of prophylactic atrial arrhythmia surgery performed concomitantly with the lateral tunnel Fontan operation.

Methods: From 1997 August to 2003 December, 27 patients underwent a initial lateral tunnel Fontan with an interventional atrial incision and cryoablation from the atriotomy to the coronary sinus and right atrioventricular valve annulus.

The Immune Responses and Calcification of Bioprostheses in the α1,3-Galactosyltransferase Knockout Mouse.

Background: The study aim was to evaluate the immune reaction, difference of degenerative calcification, and anti-calcification effect of decellularization with or without α-galactosidase in bovine pericardium and porcine heart valves, using an α1,3-galactosyltransferase (α-Gal) knockout (KO) mouse model.

Methods: In order to elucidate the anti-calcification effect of decellularization with or without α-galactosidase, bovine pericardium and porcine heart valve tissues were assigned to four groups according to the tissue preparation method: (i) glutaraldehyde (GA) fixation only; (ii) decellularization + GA fixation (Decell); (iii) α-galactosidase + GA fixation (α-galactosidase); and (iv) decellularization +α-galactosidase + GA fixation (Decell + α-galactosidase). Each prepared tissue was implanted subcutaneously into α-Gal KO mice.

Long-Term Results after Surgical Treatment of Ebstein's Anomaly: a 30-year Experience.

Background And Objectives: The aim of the study is to evaluate the long-term results after a surgical repair of Ebstein's anomaly.

Subjects And Methods: Forty-eight patients with Ebstein's anomaly who underwent open heart surgery between 1982 and 2013 were included. Median age at operation was 5.

Surgical Results of Anomalous Origin of One Pulmonary Artery Branch from the Ascending Aorta.

We reviewed our surgical experience with anomalous origin of one pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta (AOPA). From 1989 to 2012, 12 children (five neonates) aged 3-734 days (mean 152 ± 222) with AOPA underwent operations. Eight patients had right AOPA, and four patients had left AOPA.

Intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia in adult patients after Fontan operation.

Background: Atrial tachyarrhythmia is a major late complication in adult Fontan patients. This study examined the clinical features and risk factors of late intra-atrial reentrant tachyarrhythmia (IART) in adult patients after Fontan surgery and the mid-term outcome of Fontan conversion with or without antiarrhythmic surgery in these patients.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on adult patients who were born before 1994 and survived at least 3 months after a Fontan operation at Seoul National University Children's Hospital.

Surgical indications and results of mitral valve repair in pediatric patients with ventricular septal defects accompanied by mitral valve regurgitation.

Background: Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) can be accompanied by mitral regurgitation (MR) owing to chronic volume overload or mitral valve (MV) abnormalities. This study investigates the surgical indications, results, and natural course of pediatric VSD patients with MR.

Methods: One hundred seven patients (median age, 4.

Safety and efficacy of the off-label use of milrinone in pediatric patients with heart diseases.

Background And Objectives: Milrinone is often used in children to treat acute heart failure and prevent low cardiac output syndrome after cardiac surgery. Due to the lack of studies on the long-term milrinone use in children, the objective of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of the current patterns of milrinone use for ≥3 days in infants and children with heart diseases.

Subjects And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients aged <13 years who received milrinone for ≥3 days from January 2005 to December 2012.

Twenty-five years' experience of modified Lecompte procedure for the anomalies of ventriculoarterial connection with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis.

Objectives: To overcome the drawbacks of the Rastelli operation, the modified Lecompte procedure creates a connection from the left ventricle to the aorta with greater freedom from residual obstruction due to the resection of the outlet septum and avoids the implantation of an extracardiac valved conduit. We evaluated the effectiveness of this technique with analysis of our 25-year long-term results.

Methods: We reviewed the records of 50 patients who underwent the modified Lecompte procedure during the past 25 years.

Incidence, risk factors and clinical outcomes for acute kidney injury after aortic arch repair in paediatric patients.

Objectives: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common after paediatric cardiac surgery and associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Aortic arch surgery may be an independent risk factor for AKI because of circulatory arrest below the descending thoracic artery during anastomosis. We investigated the surgical outcomes associated with AKI after aortic arch repair in paediatric patients.

Aortopexy with preoperative computed tomography and intraoperative bronchoscopy for patients with central airway obstruction after surgery for congenital heart disease: postoperative computed tomography results and clinical outcomes.

Bronchoscopy-guided aortopexy is a surgical management option for patients with central airway obstruction after congenital heart surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of bronchoscopy-guided aortopexy based on midterm follow-up evaluation with computed tomography (CT) and clinical outcome. From January 2004 to August 2011, bronchoscopy-guided aortopexy was performed for 16 patients (median age 0.

Five-year experience with mini-volume priming in infants ≤5 kg: safety of significantly smaller transfusion volumes.

Reducing the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) priming volume in congenital cardiac surgery is important because it is associated with fewer transfusions. This retrospective study was designed to compare safety and transfusion volumes between the mini-volume priming (MP) and conventional priming (CP) methods. Between 2007 and 2012, congenital heart surgery using CPB was performed on 480 infants (≤5 kg): the MP method was used in 331 infants (MP group, 69.