Clinical practices on acute acquired comitant esotropia: A consensus statement proposed by the Council of Asia-Pacific Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology Society.

Acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) is a concomitant strabismus characterized by sudden onset, mostly associated with diplopia. The prevalence of AACE has significantly increased, and various management approaches have been recommended in recent years. This study by the Council of Asia-Pacific Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology Society aimed to provide an overview of the clinical features, etiology and the nonsurgical and surgical treatment recommendations for the condition to equip strabismus specialists with the most updated knowledge.

Poor visual prognosis of Asian patients with 3460 mitochondrial DNA mutation in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy.

Background: Among the 3 primary mutations of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), the incidence of LHON with a mutation at nucleotide position 3460 is the lowest in Asians. Therefore, information about the clinical manifestations of LHON mutations in Asians with the 3460 mutation is limited.

Objective: To determine the clinical manifestations including visual prognosis of Asians with the LHON 3460 mutation.

Etiological distribution of isolated oculomotor nerve palsy: analysis of 633 patients and literature review.

Background And Purpose: The etiological distribution of oculomotor nerve palsy has varied amongst the studies. This study aimed to define the clinical features and underlying etiologies of isolated oculomotor nerve palsy by recruiting patients from all departments in a referral-based university hospital.

Methods: The medical records of 672 patients who had a confirmed diagnosis of isolated oculomotor nerve palsy at all departments of Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea, from 2003 to 2020 were reviewed.

Efficacy of 3D-printed eye model to enhance retinoscopy skills.

We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the efficacy of simulation-based education using a three-dimensional (3D)-printed schematic eye model in improving the retinoscopy refraction skills of medical students. A schematic eye model was printed using a fused deposition modeling-based 3D printer. Twenty medical students randomized into 3D (n = 10) and control (n = 10) groups received a 1-h lecture on the principles and methods of manifest refraction and were shown how to use the retinoscope and sciascope bars.

Risk of central nervous system demyelinating attack or optic neuritis recurrence after pediatric optic neuritis in Korea.

Purpose: To investigate the rate of development of symptomatic central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating attacks or recurrent optic neuritis (ON) after the first episode of ON and its risk factors for Korean pediatric patients.

Methods: This multicenter retrospective cohort study included the patients under 18 years of age (n=132) diagnosed with ON without previous or simultaneous CNS demyelinating diseases. We obtained the clinical data including the results of neuro-ophthalmological examinations, magnetic resonance images (MRIs), antibody assays, and laboratory tests.

Etiologic distribution of isolated abducens nerve palsy: Analysis of 807 patients and literature review.

Background And Purpose: The etiologies of abducens nerve palsy have shown a large variability among studies. This study aimed to establish the clinical features and underlying etiologies of isolated abducens nerve palsy by recruiting patients from all departments in a referral-based university hospital.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 807 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of isolated abducens nerve palsy at all departments of Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea, from 2003 to 2020.

Long-Term Efficacy of Inferior Oblique Myectomy Accompanied with Tenon's Capsule Closure: Objective Analysis Using Nine-Gaze Photographs.

The aim is to evaluate the long-term efficacy of inferior oblique (IO) myectomy combined with Tenon's capsule closure to prevent muscle reattachment to the sclera. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 18 patients with primary and secondary IO overaction who underwent IO myectomy accompanied by Tenon's capsule closure. Patients were followed up for at least 1 year after the surgery.

Deep Learning System Outperforms Clinicians in Identifying Optic Disc Abnormalities.

Background: The examination of the optic nerve head (optic disc) is mandatory in patients with headache, hypertension, or any neurological symptoms, yet it is rarely or poorly performed in general clinics. We recently developed a brain and optic nerve study with artificial intelligence-deep learning system (BONSAI-DLS) capable of accurately detecting optic disc abnormalities including papilledema (swelling due to elevated intracranial pressure) on digital fundus photographs with a comparable classification performance to expert neuro-ophthalmologists, but its performance compared to first-line clinicians remains unknown.

Methods: In this international, cross-sectional multicenter study, the DLS, trained on 14,341 fundus photographs, was tested on a retrospectively collected convenience sample of 800 photographs (400 normal optic discs, 201 papilledema and 199 other abnormalities) from 454 patients with a robust ground truth diagnosis provided by the referring expert neuro-ophthalmologists.

A cross-sectional study of ophthalmologic examination findings in 5385 Koreans presenting with intermittent exotropia.

The Korean Intermittent Exotropia Multicenter Study (KIEMS) was a retrospective, cross-sectional and multicenter study for the investigation of intermittent exotropia involved 65 strabismus specialists from 53 institutions in Korea. Purpose of this study was to present ophthalmologic findings of intermittent exotropia from the KIEMS. Consecutive patients with intermittent exotropia of ≥ 8 prism diopters (PD) at distance or near fixation were included.

Diplopia: characteristics and etiologic distribution in a referral-based university hospital.

Background And Objectives: The etiologic distribution and clinical features of diplopia may differ according to the specialties involved in the management. This study aimed to establish the clinical features and underlying etiologies of diplopia by recruiting patients from all departments.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 4127 patients with diplopia as the chief complaint, who had been recruited from all departments at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea, from 2003 to 2020.

Seroprevalence and Epidemiological Risk Factors for Kasba Virus Among Sheep and Goats in South Korea: A Nationwide Retrospective Study.

Introduction: Kasba virus belongs to the Palyam serogroup of the genus and family. Kasba virus is the causative agent of many reproductive disorders in infected animals, which result in considerable economic losses, mainly in the cattle industry. The epidemiology of Kasba virus infection is poorly defined and remains unclear in South Korea.

How to Better Treat Patients with Intermittent Exotropia: A Review of Surgical Treatment of Intermittent Exotropia.

Intermittent exotropia (X(T)) is the most common form of strabismus, especially in Asians. Treatment of X(T) includes occlusion, overminus lens, and surgery, of which, surgery is the mainstay of treatment. Commonly performed surgical procedures for X(T) are bilateral lateral rectus muscle recession or unilateral lateral rectus recession with medial rectus resection; however, it is unclear which of the two surgeries is more effective.

Characteristics of Optic Neuritis in South Korean Children and Adolescents: A Retrospective Multicenter Study.

Purpose: To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of optic neuritis (ON) in pediatric patients aged <19 years in South Korea.

Methods: This multicenter retrospective cohort study included 127 pediatric patients (median age: 10.3 (IQR: 7.

Etiologic distribution of isolated trochlear palsy: Analysis of 1020 patients and literature review.

Background And Purpose: Trochlear palsy is the most common cause of vertical diplopia. The etiologies of trochlear palsy have shown a large discrepancy among studies. This study aimed to establish the clinical features and underlying etiologies of isolated trochlear palsy by recruiting the patients from all departments in a referral-based university hospital.

Factors associated with seropositivity to Aino virus among sheep and goats in South Korea.

Aino virus infection is responsible for epizootic and/or sporadic outbreaks of abortions, stillbirths and premature delivery among pregnant ruminants. The epizootiology of Aino virus infection is poorly defined in South Korea, therefore our aim was to assess its seroprevalence among sheep and goats. We also wanted to evaluate management and regional risk factors that might influence the frequency of infection.

Automated Mathematical Algorithm for Quantitative Measurement of Strabismus Based on Photographs of Nine Cardinal Gaze Positions.

This study presents an automated algorithm that measures ocular deviation quantitatively using photographs of the nine cardinal points of gaze by means of deep learning (DL) and image processing techniques. Photographs were collected from patients with strabismus. The images were used as inputs for the DL segmentation models that segmented the sclerae and limbi.

New Volatile Tantalum Imido Precursors with Carboxamide Ligands.

A series of Ta(V) Bu-imido/-alkoxy carboxamide complexes, TaCl(N Bu)(pyridine)(edpa) (), TaCl(N Bu)(edpa) (), Ta(N Bu)(edpa) (), TaCl(N Bu)(pyridine)(mdpa) (), and Ta(N Bu)(mdpa) (), were successfully synthesized by metathesis reactions between Ta(N Bu)Cl(py) and several equivalents of Na(edpa) (edpaH = -ethoxy-2,2-dimethylpropanamide) and Na(mdpa) (mdpaH = -methoxy-2,2-dimethylpropanamide). Furthermore, complexes and were simply transformed to new dimeric structures [Ta(μ-O)(edpa)] () and [Ta(μ-O)(mdpa)] () with the elimination of the N Bu imido group by air exposure. Compounds - were characterized by H and C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.