Proliferative effects of nanobubbles on fibroblasts.

Unlabelled: In recent years, the potential of nanobubbles (NBs) for biological activation has been actively investigated. In this study, we investigated the proliferative effects of nitrogen NBs (N-NBs) on fibroblast cells using cell assays with image analysis and flow cytometry. A high concentration of N-NBs (more than 4 × 10 NBs/mL) was generated in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) using a gas-liquid mixing method.

Injury analysis of patients according to impact patterns involved in pedestrian traffic crashes.

Objectives: In cases of car-to-person pedestrian traffic crashes (PTCs), the principal issue is determining at what point the car collided with the pedestrian. Accordingly, the objective of the present study was to use the medical records of patients injured in PTCs to investigate the characteristics of crash types and the areas and injury severity and to determine whether there are differences in injuries due to the angle, motion, and position at the point of impact.

Methods: The present study examined 231 PTC patients admitted to the emergency room (ER) between January and December 2014.