Bacterial profile-based body fluid identification using a machine learning approach.

Background: Identifying the origins of biological traces is critical for the reconstruction of crime scenes in forensic investigations. Traditional methods for body fluid identification rely on chemical, enzymatic, immunological, and spectroscopic techniques, which can be sample-consuming and depend on simple color-change reactions. However, these methods have limitations when residual samples are insufficient after DNA extraction.

Optimization of Plant Growth Regulators for In Vitro Mass Propagation of a Disease-Free 'Shine Muscat' Grapevine Cultivar.

This study addresses the propagation challenges faced by 'Shine Muscat', a newly introduced premium grapevine cultivar in South Korea, where multiple viral infections pose considerable economic loss. The primary objective was to establish a robust in vitro propagation method for producing disease-free grapes and to identify effective plant growth regulators to facilitate large-scale mass cultivation. After experimentation, 2.

Effect of the size of the bony access window and the collagen barrier over the window in sinus floor elevation: a preclinical investigation in a rabbit sinus model.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of (1) the size of the bony access window and (2) collagen membrane coverage over the window in sinus floor elevation in a rabbit sinus model.

Methods: Small bony access windows (SW; ø 2.8 mm) were made in 6 rabbits and large windows (LW; ø 6 mm) in 6 other rabbits.

Total integrated slidable and valveless solid phase extraction-polymerase chain reaction-capillary electrophoresis microdevice for mini Y chromosome short tandem repeat genotyping.

A fully integrated slidable and valveless microsystem, which performs solid phase DNA extraction (SPE), micro-polymerase chain reaction (μPCR) and micro-capillary electrophoresis (μCE) coupled with a portable genetic analyser, has been developed for forensic genotyping. The use of a slidable chip, in which a 1 μL-volume of the PCR chamber was patterned at the center, does not necessitate any microvalves and tubing systems for fluidic control. The functional micro-units of SPE, μPCR, and μCE were fabricated on a single glass wafer by conventional photolithography, and the integrated microdevice consists of three layers: from top to bottom, a slidable chip, a channel wafer in which a SPE chamber, a mixing microchannel, and a CE microchannel were fabricated, and a Ti/Pt resistance temperature detector (RTD) wafer.

Analysis of 22 Y chromosomal STR haplotypes and Y haplogroup distribution in Pathans of Pakistan.

We analyzed haplotypes for 22 Y chromosomal STRs (Y-STRs), including 17 Yfiler loci (DYS19, DYS385a/b, DYS389I/II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS437, DY438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635 and Y-GATA-H4) and five additional STRs (DYS388, DYS446, DYS447, DYS449 and DYS464), and Y chromosomal haplogroup distribution in 270 unrelated individuals from the Pathans residing in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas and the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan using in-house multiplex PCR systems. Each Y-STR showed diversities ranging from 0.2506 to 0.

High-throughput STR analysis for DNA database using direct PCR.

Since the Korean criminal DNA database was launched in 2010, we have focused on establishing an automated DNA database profiling system that analyzes short tandem repeat loci in a high-throughput and cost-effective manner. We established a DNA database profiling system without DNA purification using a direct PCR buffer system. The quality of direct PCR procedures was compared with that of conventional PCR system under their respective optimized conditions.

Collaborative genetic mapping of 12 forensic short tandem repeat (STR) loci on the human X chromosome.

A large number of short tandem repeat (STR) markers spanning the entire human X chromosome have been described and established for use in forensic genetic testing. Due to their particular mode of inheritance, X-STRs often allow easy and informative haplotyping in kinship analyses. Moreover, some X-STRs are known to be tightly linked so that, in combination, they constitute even more complex genetic markers than each STR taken individually.

Simple and highly effective DNA extraction methods from old skeletal remains using silica columns.

The recovery of DNA data from old skeletal remains is often difficult due to degraded and very low yield of extracted DNA and the presence of PCR inhibitors. Herein, we compared several silica-based DNA extraction methods from artificially degraded DNA, DNA with PCR inhibitors and DNA from old skeletal remains using quantitative real-time PCR. We present a modified large-scale silica-based extraction combined with complete demineralization, that enables maximum DNA recovery and efficient elimination of PCR inhibitors.

DNA typing for the identification of old skeletal remains from Korean War victims.

The identification of missing casualties of the Korean War (1950-1953) has been performed using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) profiles, but recent advances in DNA extraction techniques and approaches using smaller amplicons have significantly increased the possibility of obtaining DNA profiles from highly degraded skeletal remains. Therefore, 21 skeletal remains of Korean War victims and 24 samples from biological relatives of the supposed victims were selected based on circumstantial evidence and/or mtDNA-matching results and were analyzed to confirm the alleged relationship. Cumulative likelihood ratios were obtained from autosomal short tandem repeat, Y-chromosomal STR, and mtDNA-genotyping results, and mainly confirmed the alleged relationship with values over 10⁵.

Population genetic study of four closely-linked X-STR trios in Koreans.

We investigated four X chromosomal short tandem repeat (X-STR) markers (DXS10079, DXS10103, DXS10146, and DXS10148) in 450 unrelated Koreans (300 males and 150 females), and evaluated their forensic usage in relation to the four X-STR linkage groups. Forensic statistical parameters for these X-STR markers indicated that they are highly informative for forensic application in Koreans. No significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed in any of the four X-STR markers.

Genetic polymorphism and haplotype analysis of 4 tightly linked X-STR duos in Koreans.

Aim: To investigate genetic polymorphism and haplotypes of tightly linked X-chromosomal short tandem repeat (X-STR) clusters in Koreans.

Methods: Four X-STR duos in the linkage group 1-4 (DXS10135-DXS8378, DXS7132-DXS10074, HPRTB-DXS10101, and DXS10134-DXS7423) were investigated in 450 unrelated Koreans (300 men and 150 women) using the Mentype Argus X-8 Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification Kit.

Results: No significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed in any of the 8 loci.