Aging and HIV-Related Caregiving in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Social Ecological Approach.

Background And Objectives: We reviewed the literature on older adults (OAs) who are caring for persons living with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), with the goal of adapting models of caregiver stress and coping to include culturally relevant and contextually appropriate factors specific to SSA, drawing on both life course and cultural capital theories.

Research Design And Methods: A systematic literature search found 81 articles published between 1975 and 2016 which were reviewed using a narrative approach. Primary sources of articles included electronic databases and relevant WHO websites.

Stress, Place, and Allostatic Load Among Mexican Immigrant Farmworkers in Oregon.

Cumulative exposure to chronic stressors has been shown to contribute to immigrants' deteriorating health with more time in US residence. Few studies, however, have examined links among common psychosocial stressors for immigrants (e.g.

Intimate partner violence among adolescents in Cape Town, South Africa.

This study aimed to describe potentially preventable factors in intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and victimization among South African 8th grade students. Data were collected during a pilot evaluation of a classroom 8th grade curriculum on gender-based violence prevention in nine public schools in Cape Town through self-completed interviews with 549 8th grade students, 238 boys and 311 girls. Structural equation models (SEM) predicting IPV were constructed with variables a priori hypothesized to be associated.

AAC to support conversation in persons with moderate Alzheimer's disease.

Even though we know that external memory aids support communication in Alzheimer's disease, the components of the communication aids for individuals with Alzheimer's disease have not been studied systematically. The goal of these two pilot experiments was to examine differences in conversational performance of adults with Alzheimer's disease related to the presence and absence of an aid, the type of symbol embedded in the aid, and the presence or absence of voice output. In Experiment 1, 30 adults with moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease participated in 10-min conversations with and without personalized AAC boards.

Young African American perceptions of substance use in rural eastern Arkansas communities.

This study examined barriers to substance abuse treatment through focus group interviews of African American youth in three rural, eastern Arkansas counties in the Mississippi Delta region. Participants in the study included adolescents with a current or prior history of substance use, non-substance using adolescents acquainted with other substance users, and adolescents who initiated substance use during adolescence (N = 41). Grand tour and subsequent probe questions elicited multiple themes regarding rural adolescent substance use, treatment decisions, and preferences.

Motivation to change as a mediator for the longitudinal relationships of gender and alcohol severity with one-year drinking outcome.

Objective: We examined whether motivation to change mediated the relationships between gender and baseline alcohol severity with drinking outcome at 12-month follow-up in a longitudinal community sample.

Method: Data were from baseline and 12-month interviews from the Rural Alcohol Study, a probability sample of rural and urban at-risk drinkers (N = 733) from six southern states. At-risk drinkers were identified through a telephone-screening interview.

Trajectories in use of substance abuse and mental health services among stimulant users in rural areas.

Objective: This study examined substance abuse and mental health service utilization during a three-year period among stimulant users living in rural areas.

Methods: Participants (N=710) were interviewed at baseline and every six months for 36 months. One-step transition probabilities were constructed between the two types of service use for each consecutive pair of interviews to examine the resulting steady-state probabilities among multiple one-step transition matrices.

Barriers and facilitators for alcohol treatment for women: are there more or less for rural women?

Among women at-risk for problems drinking, treatment seeking can be hindered by a complex array of issues such as a lack of transportation, social stigma, denial, fear of losing children, and reluctance of primary care physicians to refer women. This study describes the barriers/facilitators and need for treatment among a community sample of rural and urban women at-risk drinkers. Data for this study were assembled from the baseline sample of individuals who participated in a large probability sample of rural and urban at-risk drinkers (N = 733) from six Southern states: Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee.