Investigation of Novel Aronia Bioactive Fraction-Alginic Acid Nanocomplex on the Enhanced Modulation of Neuroinflammation and Inhibition of Aβ Aggregation.

Background/objectives: Aronia extract or its active compounds, especially anthocyanin, have shown potential for Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related pathologies, including neuroinflammation, fibrillogenesis of amyloid beta (Aβ), and cognitive impairment. However, there was still concern about their structural instability in vivo and in vitro. To solve the instability of anthocyanins, we combined aronia bioactive factions (ABFs) and alginic acid via electrostatic molecular interactions and created an ABF-alginic acid nanocomplex (AANCP).

Neurotherapeutic Potential of Sibericus on Axon Regeneration and Growth Cone Reformation after HO-Induced Injury in Rat Primary Cortical Neurons.

sibericus (CES), commonly known as deer antler, has been used as a medicinal herb because of its various pharmacological activities, including its anti-infective, anti-arthritic, anti-allergic, and anti-oxidative properties. However, the precise mechanisms by which CES functions as a potent anti-oxidative agent remain unknown; particularly, the effects of CES on cortical neurons and its neurobiological mechanism have not been examined. We used primary cortical neurons from the embryonic rat cerebral cortex and hydrogen peroxide to induce oxidative stress and damage in neurons.

Treatment of chemotherapy-induced cachexia with BST204: a multimodal validation study.

Introduction: Chemotherapy is a major etiology of cachexia. Ginseng products are known to have various anti-cachectic and health-promoting effects, such as inhibiting inflammation and promoting energy production. In particular, BST204, purified ginseng dry extract, contains multiple ginsenosides that can reduce chemotherapy-related fatigue and toxicity.

BST204, a Rg3 and Rh2 Enriched Ginseng Extract, Upregulates Myotube Formation and Mitochondrial Function in TNF-α-Induced Atrophic Myotubes.

The loss of skeletal muscle mass and function is a serious consequence of chronic diseases and aging. BST204 is a purified ginseng (the root of ) extract that has been processed using ginsenoside--glucosidase and acid hydrolysis to enrich ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2 from the crude ginseng. BST204 has a broad range of health benefits, but its effects and mechanism on muscle atrophy are currently unknown.

Fermented ginseng extract, BST204, disturbs adipogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells through inhibition of S6 kinase 1 signaling.

Background: The biological and pharmacological effects of BST204, a fermented ginseng extract, have been reported in various disease conditions. However, its molecular action in metabolic disease remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified the antiadipogenic activity of BST204 resulting from its inhibition of the S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) signaling pathway.

Effects of Human Placenta Extract (Laennec) on Ligament Healing in a Rodent Model.

Rich in bioactive substances such as amino acids and peptides, Laennec (human placenta hydrolysate) has been widely used to control various types of musculoskeletal pain. However, the effects of Laennec on tendon and ligament injuries are not clearly understood. In the present study, Laennec was tested to identify its in vivo effects on ligament injury in an animal model and its in vitro effects on tendon-derived fibrocytes.

Anti‑photoaging and anti‑oxidative activities of natural killer cell conditioned medium following UV‑B irradiation of human dermal fibroblasts and a reconstructed skin model.

Conditioned media from various sources comprise numerous growth factors and cytokines and are known to promote the regeneration of damaged tissues. Among these, natural killer cell conditioned medium (NK‑CdM) has been shown to stimulate collagen synthesis and the migration of fibroblasts during the wound healing process. With a long‑term aim of developing a treatment for skin photoaging, the ability of NK‑CdM to prevent ultraviolet‑B (UV‑B) damage was assessed in neonatal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) and an in vitro reconstructed skin model.

Human Placenta Hydrolysate Promotes Liver Regeneration via Activation of the Cytokine/Growth Factor-Mediated Pathway and Anti-oxidative Effect.

Liver regeneration is a very complex process and is regulated by several cytokines and growth factors. It is also known that liver transplantation and the regeneration process cause massive oxidative stress, which interferes with liver regeneration. The placenta is known to contain various physiologically active ingredients such as cytokines, growth factors, and amino acids.

BST-104, a Water Extract of Lonicera japonica, Has a Gastroprotective Effect via Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities.

The gastroprotective effects of BST-104 (a water extract of Lonicera japonica) and the mechanisms involved were investigated in murine models of gastritis and peptic ulcer. The gastroprotective effects of BST-104 and its active components were evaluated in rat models of HCl/ethanol-induced gastritis and acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer. After orally administering BST-104, chlorogenic acid, rebamipide (positive control), or vehicle to each animal model, gastric lesion sizes, gastric mucus statuses, proinflammatory cytokine levels, and oxidative stress were measured.

Antioxidant effect of human placenta hydrolysate against oxidative stress on muscle atrophy.

Sarcopenia, which refers to the muscle loss that accompanies aging, is a complex neuromuscular disorder with a clinically high prevalence and mortality. Despite many efforts to protect against muscle weakness and muscle atrophy, the incidence of sarcopenia and its related permanent disabilities continue to increase. In this study, we found that treatment with human placental hydrolysate (hPH) significantly increased the viability (approximately 15%) of H O -stimulated C2C12 cells.

Anti‑apoptotic effects of human placental hydrolysate against hepatocyte toxicity in vivo and in vitro.

Apoptosis and oxidative stress are essential for the pathogenesis of acute liver failure and fulminant hepatic failure. Human placental hydrolysate (hPH) has been reported to possess antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory properties. In the present study, the protective effects of hPH against D‑galactosamine (D‑GalN)‑ and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑induced hepatocyte apoptosis were investigated in vivo.

BST106 Protects against Cartilage Damage by Inhibition of Apoptosis and Enhancement of Autophagy in Osteoarthritic Rats.

Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum (CZ) has been used as a traditional medicine in Asian countries for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Recently, CZ extract was shown to inhibit differentiation of osteoclasts and provide protection against rheumatoid arthritis.

The Extract of var. Ameliorates Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice.

var. (CZ) has been used for beverage or tea and also as folk medicine for the remedy of diverse inflammatory diseases. Nevertheless, the therapeutic effect of CZ on arthritis remains to be unknown.

Ginseng Purified Dry Extract, BST204, Improved Cancer Chemotherapy-Related Fatigue and Toxicity in Mice.

Cancer related fatigue (CRF) is one of the most common side effects of cancer and its treatments. A large proportion of cancer patients experience cancer-related physical and central fatigue so new strategies are needed for treatment and improved survival of these patients. BST204 was prepared by incubating crude ginseng extract with ginsenoside-β-glucosidase.

Identification of ginsenoside markers from dry purified extract of Panax ginseng by a dereplication approach and UPLC-QTOF/MS analysis.

A dry purified extract of Panax ginseng (PEG) was prepared using a manufacturing process that includes column chromatography, acid hydrolysis, and an enzyme reaction. During the manufacturing process, the more polar ginsenosides were altered into less polar forms via cleavage of their sugar chains and structural modifications of the aglycones, such as hydroxylation and dehydroxylation. The structural changes of ginsenosides during the intermediate steps from dried ginseng extract (DGE) to PEG were monitored by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (UPLC-QTOF/MS).

Protective Effect of Flos Lonicerae against Experimental Gastric Ulcers in Rats: Mechanisms of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Action.

Flos Lonicerae is one of the oldest and most commonly prescribed herbs in Eastern traditional medicine to treat various inflammatory diseases. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ethyl acetate fraction of Flos Lonicerae (GC-7101) on experimental gastric ulcer models and its mechanisms of action in gastric ulcer healing. The pharmacological activity of GC-7101 was investigated in rats on HCl/EtOH, indomethacin, water immersion restraint stress induced acute gastric ulcer, and acetic-acid-induced subchronic gastric ulcer.

Complete (1)H-NMR and (13)C-NMR spectral analysis of the pairs of 20(S) and 20(R) ginsenosides.

Background: Ginsenosides, the major ingredients of Panax ginseng, have been studied for many decades in Asian countries as a result of their wide range of pharmacological properties. The less polar ginsenosides, with one or two sugar residues, are not present in nature and are produced during manufacturing processes by methods such as heating, steaming, acid hydrolysis, and enzyme reactions. (1)H-NMR and (13)C-NMR spectroscopic data for the identification of the less polar ginsenosides are often unavailable or incomplete.

Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of ginsenoside Rh2 and Rg3 epimers after oral administration of BST204, a purified ginseng dry extract, in rats.

1. BST204, a purified ginseng dry extract containing a high concentration of racemic Rh2 and Rg3 mixtures, is being developed for supportive care use in cancer patients in Korea. This study investigates the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of BST204 in rats.

Stereoselective determination of ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2 epimers in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS: application to a pharmacokinetic study.

We developed and validated an accurate and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantitation of ginsenoside Rg3 and Rh2 epimers (R-Rg3, S-Rg3, R-Rh2, and S-Rh2) in rat plasma. Analytes were extracted from 0.1 mL aliquots of rat plasma by liquid-liquid extraction, using 2 mL of ethyl acetate.

Implication of the stereoisomers of ginsenoside derivatives in the antiproliferative effect of HSC-T6 cells.

Two ginsenoside derivatives (9, 10) along with 10 known ginsenosides (1-8, 11, and 12) were isolated from BST204, which is a crude ginseng extract fermented by enzyme and acid hydrolysis. The two ginsenosides were determined as 12β,20(S),25-trihydroxydammara-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9) and 12β,20(R),25-trihydroxydammara-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10). Compounds 1-12 were categorized into stereoisomeric pairs differentiated by R- or S-configuration at C-20, the number or position of sugar residues at C-3 or C-6, and the type of derivative at C-21.

Effects of epidermal growth factor on atrophic enteritis in piglets induced by experimental porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) promotes gastrointestinal mucosal recovery by stimulating the mitogenic activity of intestinal crypt epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of EGF on atrophic enteritis induced in piglets by experimental infection with porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) strain Dr13. Two groups of 12 conventional, colostrum-deprived, 1-day-old, large White-Duroc cross breed piglets were inoculated orally with PEDV (3 x 10(5) 50% tissue culture infective doses), with or without EGF (10 microg/kg/day, intraperitoneally once daily for 4 days after infection) and compared to 12 uninfected, untreated control piglets.

Wound healing effect of silk fibroin/alginate-blended sponge in full thickness skin defect of rat.

Silk fibroin (SF) and alginate (AA) have been proved to be invaluable natural materials in the field of biomedical engineering. This study was designed to compare the wound healing effect of SF, AA and SF/AA-blended sponge (SF/AA) with clinically used Nu Gauze(TM) (CONT) in a rat full thickness wound model. Two circular skin wounds on the back of rat were covered with either of CONT, SF, AA or SF/AA.

Role of mucosal mast cells in visceral hypersensitivity in a rat model of irritable bowel syndrome.

The involvement of mucosal mast cells (MMC) in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is still controversial. We aimed to re-evaluate the role of MMC in visceral hypersensitivity associated with IBS using a rat IBS model that develops the IBS symptom after a subsidence of acetic acid-induced colitis. No significant difference in the number of MMC was observed between normal rat colon and IBS rat colon.