Innovative Perspectives on Biofilm Interactions in Poultry Drinking Water Systems and Veterinary Antibiotics Used Worldwide.

Prudent use of antibiotics in livestock is widely considered to be important to prevent antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the interactions between biofilms and veterinary antibiotics in therapeutic concentrations administrated via drinking water through a standardized experimental setup. In this context, two biofilms formed by pseudomonads ( () or .

Validation of a Scoring System to Distinguish Uncomplicated From Complicated Appendicitis.

Background: Studies have shown that uncomplicated appendicitis can be treated conservatively with antibiotics. It is important to select only those patients with uncomplicated appendicitis when considering conservative management. Recently, a scoring system based on clinical evaluation and ultrasound was developed to improve this selection and aid in shared decision making when considering an antibiotics-first strategy.

Inter- and Intraobserver Agreement in Measuring Urolithiasis Density on Nonenhanced Computed Tomography.

Treatment choice for urolithiasis is partially based on measuring stone density in HU on nonenhanced computed tomography (NECT). Interobserver variability in these measurements could have treatment consequences. This study aims to assess the observer agreement of measuring HU and whether the use of a protocol leads to a better agreement.

Diagnostic value of computed tomography for detecting anastomotic or staple line leakage after bariatric surgery.

Background: Postbariatric anastomotic or staple line leakage (ASLL) is a dreaded complication with an incidence up to 1.6% and a leak-associated mortality of 5.0% to 16.

Mandatory imaging in the work-up of children suspected of having appendicitis reduces the rate of unnecessary surgeries.

Objective: In children, the diagnosis “acute appendicitis” is difficult. In 2010, a new Dutch appendicitis guideline was published with the goal to reduce the negative appendectomy rate. The guideline recommended mandatory imaging (ultrasound first and CT or MRI when inconclusive) before surgery.

Magnetic resonance colonography with automated carbon dioxide insufflation: Diagnostic accuracy and distension.

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of MR colonography using automated carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation for colonic distension, with colonoscopy serving as the reference standard.

Methods: Ninety-eight symptomatic patients underwent MR colonography with faecal tagging and automated CO2 insufflation. Three readers (one expert (reader 1), and two less experienced (readers 2 and 3)) evaluated the images for the presence of colorectal lesions.

Inter-observer reliability of computed tomographic classifications of diverticulitis.

Aim: The wide use of computed tomography (CT) for diverticulitis has initiated new classifications, but their reliability has not been studied. The aim of the study was to assess the inter-observer agreement of radiologists on the classifications of diverticulitis.

Method: A set of 100 CT examinations of patients with an episode of diverticulitis was used to assess inter-observer agreement.

Accuracy of MRI compared with ultrasound imaging and selective use of CT to discriminate simple from perforated appendicitis.

Background: Discrimination between simple and perforated appendicitis in patients with suspected appendicitis may help to determine the therapy, timing of surgery and risk of complications. The aim of this study was to estimate the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in distinguishing between simple and perforated appendicitis, and to compare MRI against ultrasound imaging with selected additional (conditional) use of computed tomography (CT).

Methods: Patients with clinically suspected appendicitis were identified prospectively at the emergency department of six hospitals.

Accuracy and interobserver agreement between MR-non-expert radiologists and MR-experts in reading MRI for suspected appendicitis.

Objective: To compare accuracy and interobserver agreement between radiologists with limited experience in the evaluation of abdominal MRI (non-experts), and radiologists with longer MR reading experience (experts), in reading MRI in patients with suspected appendicitis.

Methods: MR imaging was performed in 223 adult patients with suspected appendicitis and read independently by two members of a team of eight MR-inexperienced radiologists, who were trained with 100 MR examinations previous to this study (non-expert reading). Expert reading was performed by two radiologists with a larger abdominal MR experience (>500 examinations) in consensus.

MRI features associated with acute appendicitis.

Objectives: To identify MRI features associated with appendicitis.

Methods: Features expected to be associated with appendicitis were recorded in consensus by two expert radiologists on 223 abdominal MRIs in patients with suspected appendicitis. Nine MRI features were studied: appendix diameter >7 mm, appendicolith, peri-appendiceal fat infiltration, peri-appendiceal fluid, absence of gas in the appendix, appendiceal wall destruction, restricted diffusion of the appendiceal wall, lumen or focal fluid collections.

Complications after Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a diagnostic challenge. Report of three cases and review of the literature.

The number of Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (LRYGB) procedures for morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus will increase worldwide, and therefore, an increase in perioperative morbidity can be anticipated. The authors present three cases based on different complications after LRYGB to demonstrate the diagnostic challenge that clinicians face in this particular group of patients. Also, a review of the literature covering the value of different imaging in these particular cases is provided by the authors.

Acute appendicitis on abdominal MR images: training readers to improve diagnostic accuracy.

Purpose: To determine if training with direct feedback helps to improve the diagnostic performance of inexperienced readers in the detection of appendicitis on magnetic resonance (MR) images.

Materials And Methods: The institutional review board approved this retrospective study and waived the requirement for informed consent. Nine radiologists and eight residents without experience in evaluating MR images for acute abdominal conditions evaluated a training set of images from 100 MR imaging examinations of patients suspected of having appendicitis and received direct feedback after each evaluation.

Feasibility of using automated insufflated carbon dioxide (CO2) for luminal distension in 3.0T MR colonography.

Purpose: Primary aim of our study was to prospectively evaluate the feasibility of automated carbon dioxide (CO(2)) delivery as luminal distending agent in 3.0T MR colonography.

Materials And Methods: Rectally insufflated CO(2) was evaluated in four groups with different bowel preparation (A-D).

Diagnostic performance of radiographers as compared to radiologists in magnetic resonance colonography.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of radiographers compared to radiologists in the detection of colorectal lesions in MR colonography.

Material And Methods: 159 patients at increased risk of colorectal cancer were included. Four different experienced observers, one MR radiologist, one radiologist in training and two radiographers evaluated all MR colonography examinations.

Incidental extracolonic findings on bright lumen MR colonography in a population at increased risk for colorectal carcinoma.

Purpose: Incidental extracolonic findings affect patient treatment and cost. Therefore, to consider magnetic resonance colonography (MRC) as a tool for colorectal cancer and polyps screening, more knowledge is needed on extracolonic findings. In this study, we sought to determine the prevalence and the spectrum of extracolonic findings in patients with an increased risk colorectal cancer that underwent bright lumen MRC.

CT colonography with limited bowel preparation: prospective assessment of patient experience and preference in comparison to optical colonoscopy with cathartic bowel preparation.

The purpose of this study was to prospectively compare participant experience and preference of limited preparation computed tomography colonography (CTC) with full-preparation colonoscopy in a consecutive series of patients at increased risk of colorectal cancer. CTC preparation comprised 180 ml diatrizoate meglumine, 80 ml barium and 30 mg bisacodyl. For the colonoscopy preparation 4 l of polyethylene glycol solution was used.

CT colonography polyp matching: differences between experienced readers.

The purpose of this study was to investigate if experienced readers differ when matching polyps shown by both CT colonography (CTC) and optical colonoscopy (OC) and to explore the reasons for discrepancy. Twenty-eight CTC cases with corresponding OC were presented to eight experienced CTC readers. Cases represented a broad spectrum of findings, not completely fulfilling typical matching criteria.

Does a computer-aided detection algorithm in a second read paradigm enhance the performance of experienced computed tomography colonography readers in a population of increased risk?

We prospectively determined whether computer-aided detection (CAD) could improve the performance characteristics of computed tomography colonography (CTC) in a population of increased risk for colorectal cancer. Therefore, we included 170 consecutive patients that underwent both CTC and colonoscopy. All findings >or=6 mm were evaluated at colonoscopy by segmental unblinding.

Image quality and patient acceptance of four regimens with different amounts of mild laxatives for CT colonography.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to prospectively evaluate image quality and patient acceptance of CT colonography (CTC) with fecal tagging using different levels of catharsis.

Subjects And Methods: Forty consecutive increased-risk patients were randomized. Group 1 received orally 20 mg of bisacodyl, group 2 received 30 mg of bisacodyl, group 3 received 20 mg of bisacodyl and 8.

CT colonography with limited bowel preparation: performance characteristics in an increased-risk population.

Purpose: To prospectively evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of computed tomographic (CT) colonography with limited bowel preparation for the depiction of colonic polyps, by using colonoscopy as the reference standard.

Materials And Methods: Institutional review board approval and written informed consent were obtained. Patients at increased risk for colorectal cancer underwent CT colonography after fecal tagging, which consisted of 80 mL of barium sulfate and 180 mL of diatrizoate meglumine.

MR colonography with limited bowel preparation: patient acceptance compared with that of full-preparation colonoscopy.

Purpose: To prospectively evaluate participants' experience and preference of magnetic resonance (MR) colonography with limited bowel preparation compared with full-preparation colonoscopy in participants at increased risk for colorectal cancer.

Materials And Methods: This study had institutional review board approval; all participants gave written informed consent. In this multicenter study, consecutive participants undergoing conventional colonoscopy because of a personal or family history of colorectal cancer or adenomatous polyps underwent MR colonography 2 weeks prior to colonoscopy.

MR colonography with limited bowel preparation compared with optical colonoscopy in patients at increased risk for colorectal cancer.

Purpose: To prospectively evaluate the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance (MR) colonography by using limited bowel preparation in patients with polyps of 10 mm or larger in diameter in a population at increased risk for colorectal cancer, with optical colonoscopy as the reference standard.

Materials And Methods: The institutional review boards of all three hospitals approved the study. All patients provided written informed consent.