Gastric Bypass vs Diet and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.

Importance: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is associated with reduced cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, morbidity, and mortality. Whether these effects are specifically induced by the surgical procedure or the weight loss is unclear.

Objective: To compare 6-week changes in CV risk factors in patients with obesity undergoing matching caloric restriction and weight loss by RYGB or a very low-energy diet (VLED).

Comparison of Sleeve Gastrectomy vs Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) are widely used bariatric procedures for which comparative efficacy and safety remain unclear.

Objective: To compare perioperative outcomes in SG and RYGB.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this registry-based, multicenter randomized clinical trial (Bypass Equipoise Sleeve Trial), baseline and perioperative data for patients undergoing bariatric surgery from October 6, 2015, to March 31, 2022, were analyzed.

Single-centre, non-randomised clinical trial at a tertiary care centre to investigate 1-year changes in social experiences and biomarkers of well-being after bariatric surgery in individuals with severe obesity: protocol for the Bariatric Surgery and Social Experiences (BaSES) study.

Introduction: Obesity is linked to increased loneliness and less enjoyment of social interactions. While bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment targeting severe obesity, there is limited understanding as to whether patients experience social interactions differently after surgery. The Bariatric Surgery and Social Experiences study is designed to assess potential changes in how much patients enjoy and engage in daily social interactions 1 year after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG).

Patient-reported outcomes, weight loss, and remission of type 2 diabetes 3 years after gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy (Oseberg); a single-centre, randomised controlled trial.

Background: Little is known about the comparative effects of various bariatric procedures on patient-reported outcomes. We aimed to compare 3-year effects of gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy on patient-reported outcome measures in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Methods: The Oseberg trial was a single-centre, parallel-group, randomised trial at Vestfold Hospital Trust, a public tertiary obesity centre in Tønsberg, Norway.

A pilot study of implementation of endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) in Norway.

Background And Aim: Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for obesity but is invasive and associated with serious complications. Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) is a less invasive weight loss procedure to reduce the stomach volume by full-thickness sutures. ESG has been adopted in many countries, but implementation at Scandinavian centres has not yet been documented.

Changes in dietary intake, food tolerance, hedonic hunger, binge eating problems, and gastrointestinal symptoms after sleeve gastrectomy compared with after gastric bypass; 1-year results from the Oseberg study-a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The randomized Oseberg study compared the effects of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), on the 1-y remission of type 2 diabetes and β-cell function (primary outcomes). However, little is known about the comparable effects of SG and RYGB on the changes in dietary intakes, eating behavior, and gastrointestinal discomfort.

Objectives: To compare 1-y changes in intakes of macro- and micronutrients, food groups, food tolerance, hedonic hunger, binge eating, and gastrointestinal symptoms after SG and RYGB.

Differential effects of bariatric surgery and lifestyle interventions on plasma levels of Lp(a) and fatty acids.

Background: Limited evidence suggests that surgical and non-surgical obesity treatment differentially influence plasma Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] levels. Further, a novel association between plasma arachidonic acid and Lp(a) has recently been shown, suggesting that fatty acids are a possible target to influence Lp(a). Here, the effects of bariatric surgery and lifestyle interventions on plasma levels of Lp(a) were compared, and it was examined whether the effects were mediated by changes in plasma fatty acid (FA) levels.

Distinct T cell subsets in adipose tissue are associated with obesity.

Adipose tissue inflammation is a driving factor for the development of obesity-associated metabolic disturbances, and a role of adipose tissue T cells in initiating the pro-inflammatory signaling is emerging. However, data on human adipose tissue T cells in obesity are limited, reflected by the lack of phenotypic markers to define tissue-resident T cell subsets. In this study, we performed a deep characterization of T cells in blood and adipose tissue depots using multicolor flow cytometry and RNA sequencing.

Association between hepatic steatosis and fibrosis with measures of insulin sensitivity in patients with severe obesity and type 2 diabetes - a cross-sectional study.

Background: Obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance are three pathological conditions highly correlated, but this relationship is not fully elucidated. Hence, we aimed to assess the association of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis with different measures of insulin sensitivity in patients with severe obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: A cross-sectional study (Oseberg trial) including patients with T2DM referred for bariatric surgery at Vestfold Hospital Trust, Norway.

Impact of type 2 diabetes on in vivo activities and protein expressions of cytochrome P450 in patients with obesity.

Previous studies have not accounted for the close link between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity when investigating the impact of T2DM on cytochrome P450 (CYP) activities. The aim was to investigate the effect of T2DM on in vivo activities and protein expressions of CYP2C19, CYP3A, CYP1A2, and CYP2C9 in patients with obesity. A total of 99 patients from the COCKTAIL study (NCT02386917) were included in this cross-sectional analysis; 29 with T2DM and obesity (T2DM-obesity), 53 with obesity without T2DM (obesity), and 17 controls without T2DM and obesity (controls).

Correlations between 4β-hydroxycholesterol and hepatic and intestinal CYP3A4: protein expression, microsomal ex vivo activity, and in vivo activity in patients with a wide body weight range.

Purpose: Variability in cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) metabolism is mainly caused by non-genetic factors, hence providing a need for accurate phenotype biomarkers. Although 4β-hydroxycholesterol (4βOHC) is a promising endogenous CYP3A4 biomarker, additional investigations are required to evaluate its ability to predict CYP3A4 activity. This study investigated the correlations between 4βOHC concentrations and hepatic and intestinal CYP3A4 protein expression and ex vivo microsomal activity in paired liver and jejunum samples, as well as in vivo CYP3A4 phenotyping (midazolam) in patients with a wide body weight range.

Short- and long-term effects of body weight, calorie restriction and gastric bypass on CYP1A2, CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 activity.

Aim: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) may influence drug disposition due to surgery-induced gastrointestinal alterations and/or subsequent weight loss. The objective was to compare short- and long-term effects of RYGB and diet on the metabolic ratios of paraxanthine/caffeine (cytochrome P450 [CYP] 1A2 activity), 5-hydroxyomeprazole/omeprazole (CYP2C19 activity) and losartan/losartan carboxylic acid (CYP2C9 activity), and cross-sectionally compare these CYP-activities with normal-to-overweight controls.

Methods: This trial included patients with severe obesity preparing for RYGB (n = 40) or diet-induced (n = 41) weight loss, and controls (n = 18).

Effect of aerobic exercise intensity on health-related quality of life in severe obesity: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Aerobic exercise is an important part of obesity treatment and may improve health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The objective of this study was to compare the effect of two different exercise programs on health-related quality of life in patients with severe obesity.

Methods: This was a single-center, open-label, randomized, parallel-group study comparing the effects of a 24-week moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) program and a combined high-intensity interval training program with MICT (HIIT/MICT).

Validation of Ad-DiaRem and ABCD Diabetes Remission Prediction Scores at 1-Year After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy in the Randomized Controlled Oseberg Trial.

Background: Prediction of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) remission is an important part of risk-benefit assessment before bariatric surgery.

Study Design: Advanced-DiaRem (Ad-DiaRem) and ABCD diabetes remission scores for sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) were calculated using baseline data. Differences in model discrimination using area under the curve of receiver operating curve (AUC-ROC) and model calibration were tested for complete remission (HbA1c ≤ 6.

Serglycin Is Involved in Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Obesity.

Chronic local inflammation of adipose tissue is an important feature of obesity. Serglycin is a proteoglycan highly expressed by various immune cell types known to infiltrate adipose tissue under obese conditions. To investigate if serglycin expression has an impact on diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation, we subjected and mice (C57BL/6J genetic background) to an 8-wk high-fat and high-sucrose diet.

Gastric Bypass Versus Sleeve Gastrectomy in Type 2 Diabetes: Effects on Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Weight loss improves fatty liver disease. No randomized trial has compared the effects of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on liver fat content and fibrosis.

Objective: To compare the 1-year effects of SG and RYGB on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis.

A novel intragastric balloon for treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. A two-center pilot trial.

Background And Aims: Obesity with type-2 diabetes is a global challenge. Lifestyle interventions have limited effect for most patients. Bariatric surgery is highly effective, but resource-demanding, invasive and associated with serious complications.

Influence of asthma and obesity on respiratory symptoms, work ability and lung function: findings from a cross-sectional Norwegian population study.

Background: Although asthma and obesity are each associated with adverse respiratory outcomes, a possible interaction between them is less studied. This study assessed the extent to which asthma and overweight/obese status were independently associated with respiratory symptoms, lung function, Work Ability Score (WAS) and sick leave; and whether there was an interaction between asthma and body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m regarding these outcomes.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 626 participants with physician-diagnosed asthma and 691 without asthma were examined.

Gastrointestinal Hormones and β-Cell Function After Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial (Oseberg).

Context: Whether Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) differentially affect postprandial gastrointestinal hormones and β-cell function in type 2 diabetes remains unclear.

Objective: We aimed to compare gastrointestinal hormones and β-cell function, assessed by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 5 weeks and 1 year after surgery, hypothesizing higher glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels and greater β-cell response to glucose after RYGB than after SG.

Methods: This study was a randomized, triple-blind, single-center trial at a tertiary care center in Norway.

Effect of Aerobic Exercise Intensity on Energy Expenditure and Weight Loss in Severe Obesity-A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of two aerobic exercise programs of different intensities on energy expenditure.

Methods: This was a single-center randomized controlled trial of patients with severe obesity allocated to a 24-week moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) program or a combined MICT with high-intensity interval training (HIIT/MICT) program. The primary outcome was energy expenditure during exercise (EEDE).

Patient complaints following bariatric surgery 2012-18.

Background: We examined complaints submitted to the Norwegian System of Patient Injury Compensation (NPE) following bariatric surgery, including the background for the complaint, the proportion of patients whose complaints were upheld, and the characteristics of complaints that were upheld.

Material And Method: All complaints relating to bariatric surgery performed in the period 2012-18 were reviewed and categorised according to symptoms, findings and events relevant to the outcome of the complaint. Anonymous summaries from the experts' statements were reviewed and categorised according to year of decision, gender, age, basis for compensation or rejection, and whether the intervention was carried out in the public or private health service.

Laparoscopic gastric bypass versus lifestyle intervention for adolescents with morbid obesity.

Background: There is limited evidence for the effectiveness of bariatric surgery in adolescents, and the associated complications. The main objective of the 4XL study was to clarify whether laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LGBP) combined with lifestyle intervention is a safe and effective treatment method.

Material And Method: Data were retrieved from an ongoing non-randomised intervention study of adolescents with morbid obesity that is comparing the effects of gastric bypass combined with lifestyle intervention versus lifestyle intervention alone.

Lifestyle intervention for children and adolescents with severe obesity - results after one year.

Background: Lifestyle interventions for children and adolescents with severe obesity show moderate short-term effects on weight reduction internationally. We evaluated treatment results at two Norwegian specialist outpatient clinics.

Material And Method: We performed a retrospective analysis of data from children and adolescents between 3 and 18 years of age collected in 2012-2016.