Biome evolution in subfamily Cercidoideae (Leguminosae): a tropical arborescent clade with a relictual depauperate temperate lineage.

Unlabelled: Some plant lineages remain within the same biome over time (biome conservatism), whereas others seem to adapt more easily to new biomes. The c. 398 species (14 genera) of subfamily Cercidoideae (Leguminosae or Fabaceae) are found in many biomes around the world, particularly in the tropical regions of South America, Asia and Africa, and display a variety of growth forms (small trees, shrubs, lianas and herbaceous perennials).

Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae. Part 2: Higher-level classification.

Caesalpinioideae is the second largest subfamily of legumes (Leguminosae) with ca. 4680 species and 163 genera. It is an ecologically and economically important group formed of mostly woody perennials that range from large canopy emergent trees to functionally herbaceous geoxyles, lianas and shrubs, and which has a global distribution, occurring on every continent except Antarctica.

Precipitation is the main axis of tropical plant phylogenetic turnover across space and time.

Early natural historians-Comte de Buffon, von Humboldt, and De Candolle-established environment and geography as two principal axes determining the distribution of groups of organisms, laying the foundations for biogeography over the subsequent 200 years, yet the relative importance of these two axes remains unresolved. Leveraging phylogenomic and global species distribution data for Mimosoid legumes, a pantropical plant clade of c. 3500 species, we show that the water availability gradient from deserts to rain forests dictates turnover of lineages within continents across the tropics.

 - a new segregate genus of mimosoid legume (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade) narrowly endemic to the Balsas Depression in Mexico.

Recent results have demonstrated that the genus is non-monophyletic because the genus is nested within it, with a single species, placed as sister to the clade comprising plus the remaining species of . Here we transfer to a new segregate genus , discuss the morphological features supporting this new genus, present a key to distinguish from closely related genera in the Leucaena subclade, and provide a distribution map of .

Dilemmas in generic delimitation of and allies (Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade): how to reconcile phylogenomic evidence with morphology and taxonomy?

comprises 219 species distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of North and South America, Africa, Asia and Australia. Two sections are currently recognised within and these are most readily distinguished by the differences in disposition of their cauline prickles, i.e.

Phylogenomic assessment prompts recognition of the Serianthes clade and confirms the monophyly of and its relationship with and in the wider ingoid clade (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae).

The Indo-Pacific legume genus was recently placed in the Archidendron clade (sensu Koenen et al. 2020), a subclade of the mimosoid clade in subfamily Caesalpinioideae, which also includes , , , , , and . comprises ca.

Re-circumscription of the mimosoid genus including new combinations for all species of the phylogenetically nested (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade).

Recent phylogenomic analyses of 997 nuclear genes support the long-held view that the genus is congeneric with . is resolved as monophyletic only if the genus is subsumed within it. The two genera were distinguished solely by relatively minor differences in the mode of dehiscence of the fruits (a craspedium separating into one-seeded endocarp segments in versus a craspedium with the whole fruit valve breaking away from the persistent replum in ) and the craspedial fruit type itself provides a shared synapomorphy for the re-circumscribed .

Re-establishment of the genus (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade): the New World species formerly placed in .

Following recent mimosoid phylogenetic and phylogenomic studies demonstrating the non-monophyly of the genus , we present a new molecular phylogeny focused on the neotropical species in the genus, with much denser taxon sampling than previous studies. Our aims were to test the monophyly of the neotropical section Arthrosamanea, resolve species relationships, and gain insights into the evolution of fruit morphology. We perform a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of sequences of nuclear internal and external transcribed spacer regions and trace the evolution of fruit dehiscence and lomentiform pods.

Phylogenomic analysis of 997 nuclear genes reveals the need for extensive generic re-delimitation in Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae).

Subfamily Caesalpinioideae with ca. 4,600 species in 152 genera is the second-largest subfamily of legumes (Leguminosae) and forms an ecologically and economically important group of trees, shrubs and lianas with a pantropical distribution. Despite major advances in the last few decades towards aligning genera with clades across Caesalpinioideae, generic delimitation remains in a state of considerable flux, especially across the mimosoid clade.

Disintegration of the genus L. (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade).

Robust evidence from phylogenomic analyses of 997 nuclear genes has recently shown, beyond doubt, that the genus is polyphyletic with three separate lineages, each with affinities to other genera of mimosoids: (i) is an isolated lineage placed in the grade of , and that subtends the core mimosoid clade; (ii) the remaining Old World species of form a clade that is sister to the Indo-Nepalese monospecific genus and (iii) New World has the Namibian / Namaqualand monospecific endemic genus nested within it. This means that it is now clear that maintaining the unity of the genus sensu Burkart (1976) is no longer tenable. These three distinct lineages of species correspond directly to Burkart's (1976) sectional classification of the genus, to previously recognised genera and to the differences in types of armature that underpin Burkart's sections.

Global Succulent Biome phylogenetic conservatism across the pantropical Caesalpinia Group (Leguminosae).

The extent to which phylogenetic biome conservatism vs biome shifting determines global patterns of biodiversity remains poorly understood. To address this question, we investigated the biogeography and trajectories of biome and growth form evolution across the Caesalpinia Group (Leguminosae), a clade of 225 species of trees, shrubs and lianas distributed across the Rainforest, Succulent, Temperate and Savanna Biomes. We focused especially on the little-known Succulent Biome, an assemblage of succulent-rich, grass-poor, seasonally dry tropical vegetation distributed disjunctly across the Neotropics, Africa, Arabia and Madagascar.