The effects of postprandial exercise and meal glycemic index on plasma glucose and glucoregulatory hormone responses after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Postprandial hypoglycemia is a complication of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), but the effects of postprandial exercise and meal glycemic index (GI) on postprandial glucose and glucoregulatory hormone responses are unknown. Ten RYGB-operated and 10 age and weight-matched unoperated women completed four test days in random order ingesting mixed meals with high GI (HGI, GI = 93) or low GI (LGI, GI = 54), but matched on energy and macronutrient content. Ten minutes after meal completion, participants rested or cycled for 30 min at 70% of maximum oxygen uptake (V̇o).

Primary weight loss failure after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is characterized by impaired gut-hormone mediated regulation of food intake.

Background/objectives: After Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) a subset of patients never obtain excess BMI loss (EBMIL) > 50% and are categorized as having primary weight loss (WL) failure. We hypothesized that postprandial concentrations of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) would be lower in patients with primary WL failure compared with patients with successfully maintained WL. Furthermore, that inhibition of gut hormone secretions would increase ad libitum food intake less in patients with primary WL failure.

No effect of multi-strain probiotic supplementation on metabolic and inflammatory markers and newborn body composition in pregnant women with obesity: Results from a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study.

Background And Aims: Modulation of the gut microbiome composition with probiotics may have beneficial metabolic effects in pregnant women with obesity. The aim was to investigate the effect of probiotic supplementation during pregnancy on metabolic and inflammatory markers and the body composition of the offspring.

Methods And Results: A randomized double-blind trial in 50 pregnant women (pre-pregnancy BMI ≥30 and < 35 kg/m) comparing multi-strain probiotics (Vivomixx®; 450 billion CFU/d) versus placebo from 14 to 20 weeks of gestation until delivery was carried out.

Combination of exercise and GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment reduces severity of metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity, and inflammation: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Identifying and reducing cardiometabolic risks driven by obesity remains a healthcare challenge. The metabolic syndrome is associated with abdominal obesity and inflammation and is predictive of long-term risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in otherwise healthy individuals living with obesity. Therefore, we investigated the effects of adherent exercise, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA), or the combination on severity of metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity, and inflammation following weight loss.

[Not Available].

Transient osteoporosis of the hip (TOH) is a rare condition with acute onset of hip pain. TOH is self-limiting and often leads to complete remission of symptoms within 6-12 months. This case report presents a 44-year-old male diagnosed with TOH.

Biochemical and clinical manifestations in adults with hypophosphatasia: a national cross-sectional study.

Unlabelled: Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare disease affecting bone mineralization. Adults with HPP have an increased occurrence of low-energy fractures, which cannot be explained by reduced bone mass assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The bone phenotype in adults with HPP requires further studies investigating bone strength and bone structural parameters.

Bone-microarchitecture and bone-strength in a sample of adults with hypophosphatasia and a matched reference population assessed by HR-pQCT and impact microindentation.

Background: Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is an autosomal recessive or dominate disease affecting bone mineralization, and adults with HPP are in risk to develop metatarsal stress fractures and femoral pseudofractures. Given to the scarce data on the bone quality and its association to the fracture risk in adults with HPP, this study aimed to evaluate bone turnover, bone strength and structure in adults with HPP.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included 14 adults with genetically verified HPP and 14 sex-, age-, BMI-, and menopausal status-matched reference individuals.

Frailty and osteoporosis in patients with hip fractures under the age of 60-a prospective cohort of 218 individuals.

Unlabelled: Research on younger patients with hip fractures is limited. This study adds knowledge on patient and injury characteristics, and DXA was investigated at the time of the fracture. Risk factors for osteoporosis and fractures were numerous among young patients, and osteoporosis was markedly more prevalent than in the general population.

The effect of parathyroidectomy compared to non-surgical surveillance on kidney function in primary hyperparathyroidism: a nationwide historic cohort study.

Background: Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) and impaired kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min) are offered parathyroidectomy (PTX) to protect them from further complications. Surprisingly, two recent uncontrolled cohort studies have suggested a further decrease in kidney function following PTX. We aimed to examine the effects of PTX compared to non-surgical surveillance on kidney function in pHPT patients.

Liraglutide changes body composition and lowers added sugar intake in overweight persons with insulin pump-treated type 1 diabetes.

Aims: To present secondary outcome analyses of liraglutide treatment in overweight adults with insulin pump-treated type 1 diabetes (T1D), focusing on changes in body composition and dimensions, and to evaluate changes in food intake to identify potential dietary drivers of liraglutide-associated weight loss.

Materials And Methods: A 26-week randomized placebo-controlled study was conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of liraglutide 1.8 mg daily in 44 overweight adults with insulin pump-treated T1D and glucose levels above target, and demonstrated significant glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)- and body weight-reducing effects.

Severe hypocalcemia due to hypoparathyroidism associated with HIV: A case report.

Calcemia is not routinely determined among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In people living with HIV, the most frequent electrolyte disturbance is hyponatremia and since symptoms of hypocalcemia often are unspecific, calcium is typically measured with some delay. Hypocalcemia in people living with HIV is mainly due to indirect causes such as vitamin D deficiency, renal failure, or drug related.

Feasibility and preliminary effect of anabolic steroids in addition to strength training and nutritional supplement in rehabilitation of patients with hip fracture: a randomized controlled pilot trial (HIP-SAP1 trial).

Background: Anabolic steroid has been suggested as a supplement during hip fracture rehabilitation and a Cochrane Review recommended further trials. The aim was to determine feasibility and preliminary effect of a 12-week intervention consisting of anabolic steroid in addition to physiotherapy and nutritional supplement on knee-extension strength and function after hip fracture surgery.

Methods: Patients were randomized (1:1) during acute care to: 1.

Healthy Weight Loss Maintenance with Exercise, Liraglutide, or Both Combined.

Background: Weight regain after weight loss is a major problem in the treatment of persons with obesity.

Methods: In a randomized, head-to-head, placebo-controlled trial, we enrolled adults with obesity (body-mass index [the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters], 32 to 43) who did not have diabetes. After an 8-week low-calorie diet, participants were randomly assigned for 1 year to one of four strategies: a moderate-to-vigorous-intensity exercise program plus placebo (exercise group); treatment with liraglutide (3.

Outcome of osteoporosis evaluation, treatment, and follow-up in patients referred to a specialized outpatient clinic compared to patients in care of general practitioners.

Unlabelled: In Denmark, osteoporosis treatment is either handled by general practitioners or at more resource demanding specialist clinics. We evaluated the treatment adherence and persistence in the two settings, which were overall similar. The type of medical support did, however, differ and was provided to two very different patient populations.

Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Low Bone Mineral Density Assessed by Quantitative Computed Tomography in People Living With HIV and Uninfected Controls.

Background: Low bone mineral density (BMD) has been described in people living with HIV (PLWH). We examined the prevalence of low BMD measured by quantitative computed tomography (QCT), a method that allows 3-dimensional volumetric density measures at the thoracic spine, in well-treated PLWH and uninfected controls and assessed risk factors for reduced BMD.

Methods: Cross-sectional study including 718 PLWH from the Copenhagen Co-Morbidity in HIV infection (COCOMO) study and 718 uninfected controls matched on age and sex from the Copenhagen General Population Study (CGPS).

Preliminary effect and feasibility of physiotherapy with strength training and protein-rich nutritional supplement in combination with anabolic steroids in cross-continuum rehabilitation of patients with hip fracture: protocol for a blinded randomized controlled pilot trial (HIP-SAP1 trial).

Background: A 2014 Cochrane review evaluating the effect of anabolic steroids after hip fracture concluded that the quality of the studies was insufficient to draw conclusions on the effects and recommended further high-quality trials in the field. Therefore, the aim of this pilot trial is to determine the preliminary effect and feasibility of a 12-week multimodal intervention consisting of physiotherapy (with strength training), protein-rich nutritional supplement and anabolic steroid on knee-extension muscle strength and function 14 weeks after hip fracture surgery.

Methods: We plan to conduct a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial with 48 patients operated for acute hip fracture.

Multiple Fractures and Impaired Bone Fracture Healing in a Patient with Pycnodysostosis and Hypophosphatasia.

Pycnodysostosis (PYCD) is a rare recessive inherited skeletal disease, characterized by short stature, brittle bones, and recurrent fractures, caused by variants in the Cathepsin K encoding gene that leads to impaired osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a dominant or recessive inherited condition representing a heterogeneous phenotype with dental symptoms, recurrent fractures, and musculoskeletal problems. The disease results from mutation(s) in the tissue non-specific alkaline phosphate encoding gene with reduced activity of alkaline phosphatase and secondarily defective mineralization of bone and teeth.

[Bilateral atypical femoral fractures after prolonged antiresorptive treatment].

In this case report, two cases of bilateral atypical femoral fractures after prolonged bisphosphonate therapy are described. Two elderly females had more than ten years of antiresorptive treatment with bisphosphonate, and they were diagnosed with bilateral atypical femoral fracture (AFF) after a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scanning of the entire femoral shaft. They were both subjected to intramedullary nails and anabolic treatment.

Intensive screening for osteoporosis in patients with hip fracture.

Unlabelled: Opportunities to evaluate, treat, and prevent future osteoporotic fractures are often being overlooked, especially in patients with a prior osteoporotic fracture. We find that an intensive outreach osteoporosis investigation strategy can help increase the number of patients investigated and treated for osteoporosis following a hip fracture.

Purpose: Patients experiencing a hip fracture are subject to an increased risk of subsequent fractures.

Low versus high carbohydrate diet in type 1 diabetes: A 12-week randomized open-label crossover study.

Aims: To compare the effects of a low carbohydrate diet (LCD < 100 g carbohydrate/d) and a high carbohydrate diet (HCD > 250 g carbohydrate/d) on glycaemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in adults with type 1 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: In a randomized crossover study with two 12-week intervention arms separated by a 12-week washout, 14 participants using sensor-augmented insulin pumps were included. Individual meal plans meeting the carbohydrate criteria were made for each study participant.

[Diagnostics and treatment of hypophosphatasia].

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare inborn, metabolic bone disorder caused by mutations in the tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase-encoding gene: ALPL. The diagnosis is based on biochemical, clinical and genetic evaluation. Low levels of alkaline phosphatase is a hallmark in diagnosing HPP.

Persistent organic pollutants and penile bone mineral density in East Greenland and Canadian polar bears (Ursus maritimus) during 1996-2015.

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are long-range transported to the Arctic via atmospheric and oceanic currents, where they biomagnify to high concentrations in the tissues of apex predators such as polar bears (Ursus maritimus). A major concern of POP exposure is their physiological effects on vital organ-tissues posing a threat to the health and survival of polar bears. Here we examined the relationship between selected POPs and baculum bone mineral density (BMD) in the East Greenland and seven Canadian subpopulations of polar bears.