The Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes (DD2) Project Cohort and Biobank from 2010 Through 2023-A Cohort Profile Update.

Purpose: This paper provides an overview of the Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes (DD2) cohort and biobank, including baseline characteristics of participants enrolled up to 2023, and post-enrollment rates of cardiovascular disease outcomes and mortality.

Methods: Since 2010, the DD2 project has enrolled individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) recently diagnosed by general practitioners and by hospital-based clinicians across Denmark. Data from questionnaires, clinical examinations, and biological samples are collected at enrollment.

ADOS-2 Module 4: Psychometric Properties and Diagnostic Performance at an Autism-specialized Clinic.

Purpose: Psychometric properties and diagnostic performance of the ADOS-2 module 4 were evaluated with participants from an autism-specialized clinic.

Methods: The sample had 331 participants with 226 males and 70 females receiving an ASD diagnosis. The evaluation consisted of the following: (1) A replication of the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) reported by Hus, V.

Incorporating Coronary Calcification Into Pre-Test Assessment of the Likelihood of Coronary Artery Disease.

Background: The prevalence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) in symptomatic patients referred for diagnostic testing has declined, warranting optimization of individualized diagnostic strategies.

Objectives: This study sought to present a simple, clinically applicable tool enabling estimation of the likelihood of obstructive CAD by combining a pre-test probability (PTP) model (Diamond-Forrester approach using sex, age, and symptoms) with clinical risk factors and coronary artery calcium score (CACS).

Methods: The new tool was developed in a cohort of symptomatic patients (n = 41,177) referred for diagnostic testing.

Enteric cholinergic neuropathy in patients with diabetes: Non-invasive assessment with positron emission tomography.

Background: C-Donepezil positron emission tomography (PET) allows non-invasive assessment of cholinergic innervation of visceral organs. We aimed to compare cholinergic innervation in the gut in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and in healthy controls (HC).

Methods: C-Donepezil PET and computed tomography (CT) were performed in 19 patients with type 1 DM and gastrointestinal symptoms and in 19 age- and sex-matched HC in a cross-sectional design.

SATB2 is a supplementary immunohistochemical marker to CDX2 in the diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma metastasis in an unknown primary.

CDX2 is routinely used for identifying gastrointestinal origin of metastatic adenocarcinomas; but a high percentage of other carcinomas also show positivity with this antibody. SATB2 is a new immunohistochemical marker with a few studies showing that it is specifically expressed in a large majority of colorectal adenocarcinomas. We assessed SATB2 along with CDX2 in patient material with metastasis in order to determine whether the primary site could be identified as 'colon-rectum'.

Pathophysiology-based phenotyping in type 2 diabetes: A clinical classification tool.

Background: Type 2 diabetes may be a more heterogeneous disease than previously thought. Better understanding of pathophysiological subphenotypes could lead to more individualized diabetes treatment. We examined the characteristics of different phenotypes among 5813 Danish patients with new clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes (DD2) project cohort of newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes: a cohort profile.

Purpose: The aim of this article is to provide a detailed description of the ongoing nationwide Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes (DD2) project cohort and biobank. The DD2 cohort continuously enrols newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) throughout Denmark. The overall goal of the DD2 project is to establish a large and data-rich T2D cohort that can serve as a platform for exhaustive T2D research including (1) improved genotypic and phenotypic characterisation of T2D, (2) intervention studies of more individualised T2D treatment, (3) pharmacoepidemiological studies and (4) long-term follow-up studies on predictors of T2D complications and prognosis.

Chromatic interocular-switch rivalry.

Interocular-switch rivalry (also known as stimulus rivalry) is a kind of binocular rivalry in which two rivalrous images are swapped between the eyes several times a second. The result is stable periods of one image and then the other, with stable intervals that span many eye swaps (Logothetis, Leopold, & Sheinberg, 1996). Previous work used this close kin of binocular rivalry with rivalrous forms.

A phase 2 trial of long-acting TransCon growth hormone in adult GH deficiency.

TransCon growth hormone is a sustained-release human growth hormone prodrug under development in which unmodified growth hormone is transiently linked to a carrier molecule. It is intended as an alternative to daily growth hormone in the treatment of growth hormone deficiency. This was a multi-center, randomized, open-label, active-controlled trial designed to compare the safety (including tolerability and immunogenicity), pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of three doses of weekly TransCon GH to daily growth hormone (Omnitrope).

The potential for improvement of outcomes by personalized insulin treatment of type 1 diabetes as assessed by analysis of single-patient data from a randomized controlled cross-over insulin trial.

Aims: The evidence for optimal insulin treatment in type 1 diabetes is mainly based on randomised controlled trials applying a parallel-group design. Such trials yield robust general results but crucial individual treatment effects cannot be extracted. We aimed to assess the potential for further improvement of outcomes by personalized insulin therapy by analyzing data from a cross-over trial at individual level.

The effect of growth hormone (GH) replacement on blood glucose homeostasis in adult nondiabetic patients with GH deficiency: real-life data from the NordiNet International Outcome Study.

Objective: To assess the effect of 4 years' growth hormone (GH) replacement on glucose homeostasis and evaluate factors affecting glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA ) in adults with growth hormone deficiency (GHD).

Design: NordiNet International Outcome Study, a noninterventional study, monitors long-term effectiveness and safety of GH replacement [Norditropin (somatropin), Novo Nordisk A/S] in real-life clinical practice.

Patients: Nondiabetic patients (n = 245) with adult-onset GHD (age ≥20 years at GH start), ≥4 years' GH replacement and HbA values at baseline and 4 years were included in the analysis.

Reduced Subendocardial Viability Ratio Is Associated With Unfavorable Cardiovascular Risk Profile in Women With Short Duration of Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: The pathophysiological perturbations underlying the unfavorable cardiovascular prognosis in women with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) remain elusive. Low subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR), an index of myocardial oxygen supply and demand, has been associated with intermediate cardiovascular risk markers and cardiovascular mortality in various populations. However, whether SEVR is associated with sex and cardiovascular risk markers in patients with T2DM remains to be clarified.

Rates of Community-based Antibiotic Prescriptions and Hospital-treated Infections in Individuals With and Without Type 2 Diabetes: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study, 2004-2012.

Background: The excess risk of antibiotic use and hospital-treated infections in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared with general population is poorly understood.

Methods: In a nationwide cohort of patients with incident T2D (n = 155 158) and an age-, gender-, and residence-matched comparison cohort (n = 774 017), we used Cox regression to compute rates and confounder-adjusted rate ratios (aRRs) of community-based antibiotic prescription redemption and hospital-treated infections during 2004-2012.

Results: The rates of community-based antibiotic prescriptions in the T2D and comparison cohorts were 364 vs 275 per 1000 person-years after a median follow-up of 1.

Low positive predictive value of midnight salivary cortisol measurement to detect hypercortisolism in type 2 diabetes.

Background: Hypercortisolism is prevalent in type 2 diabetes (T2D), but analytical and functional uncertainties prevail. Measurement of salivary cortisol is considered an expedient screening method for hypercortisolism, but its usefulness in the context of T2D is uncertain.

Aim: To compare late-night salivary cortisol (LNSC) with the 1 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test (DST), which was considered 'reference standard', in T2D.

IDegAsp (insulin degludec + insulin aspart) for the management of type 2 diabetes: current status.

The co-formulation insulin degludec/insulin aspart (IDegAsp) contains insulin degludec (IDeg), a basal insulin, and the rapid-acting insulin aspart (IAsp). Its unique pharmacodynamic profile provides a stable basal insulin action over a 24-h period due to the flat, ultra-long effect of IDeg, combined with prandial control from IAsp, which is unaffected by the basal component. IDegAsp provides a distinct mealtime insulin peak effect and reduces the likelihood of postprandial glucose excursions.

Bilateral adrenal gland hemorrhage in a patient treated with rivaroxaban.

This is the report of a case of a 63-year-old woman, with a history of recurrent deep vein thrombosis, who was admitted with abdominal pain and diagnosed with bilateral adrenal hemorrhage, resulting in acute adrenal insufficiency. Several risk factors for adrenal hemorrhage were present: stress because of infection, treatment with the factor Xa-inhibitor rivaroxaban and the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. Venous thrombosis of the adrenal glands with subsequent hemorrhagic infarction is a possible mechanism.

Hypertension and Diabetic Nephropathy.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. DN is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease, and it markedly enhances the risk of cardiovascular events. An elevated urinary albumin excretion rate, increased blood pressure (BP), and a continual loss of renal function are characteristics of DN.

Basal and insulin-regulated VLDL1 and VLDL2 kinetics in men with type 2 diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: Hypertriacylglycerolaemia is a hallmark of diabetic dyslipidaemia with increased concentrations of triacylglycerol (TG)-rich VLDL1 particles. However, whether VLDL1 secretion or removal is abnormal in type 2 diabetes remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare basal and insulin-mediated VLDL1- and VLDL2-TG kinetics in men with type 2 diabetes and healthy men using a novel direct VLDL1- and VLDL2-TG labelling method.

Reversible Albumin-Binding GH Possesses a Potential Once-Weekly Treatment Profile in Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency.

Context: NNC0195-0092 is a reversible, albumin-binding GH derivative, developed for once-weekly administration.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to evaluate safety, local tolerability, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics of multiple, once-weekly doses of NNC0195-0092, compared with daily GH.

Design And Setting: This was a phase 1, randomized, open-label, active-controlled, multiple-dose, dose-escalation trial.