Results and complications of 1104 surgeries for velopharyngeal insufficiency.

Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) means that the velopharyngeal closure is inadequate or disturbed. VPI may be organic or functional, congenital or acquired and is caused by structural alterations or paresis. The symptoms are primarily to be found in speech (hypernasality), more rarely in swallowing and hearing.

History and development of pediatric otorhinolaryngology in Hungary.

The first pediatric otorhinolaryngological department was set up in Hungary at the Heim Pál Children's Hospital, Budapest in 1948. The first head of the department and the founder of Hungarian pediatric otorhinolaryngology was Ferenc Kallay. He was followed in leadership by Jeno Hirschberg, and at present Gábor Katona.

Adaptation of nasometry to Hungarian language and experiences with its clinical application.

Objectives: (1) To adopt the nasometry for the Hungarian language and to obtain normative nasalance scores. (2) To compare our results with the data of other languages and to evaluate the correlation between nasalance scores and perceptual ratings of nasality. (3) To use the nasometry in various fields of the otolaryngological, phoniatric, and logopedic diagnostics, therapy and documentation.