Small molecule Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have revolutionized the management of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) through their low immunogenicity, safety, and consistent pharmacologic response that are superior to existing therapeutic options. In this perspective, we highlight existing evidence supporting the use of currently approved JAK inhibitors (upadacitinib, tofacitinib, and filgotinib) for UC or CD, additionally emphasizing the evidence for their use in related autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthropathies. Our perspective concludes with a review of the existing comparative effectiveness literature, which positions JAK inhibitors, particularly upadacitinib, favorably compared with other biologic therapies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The era of biologics is associated with declining rates of surgery for Crohn's disease (CD), but the impact on surgery for stricturing CD is unknown. Our study aimed to assess nationwide trends in bowel resection surgery for obstruction in CD since the introduction of infliximab for CD in 1998.
Methods: Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, we performed a nationwide analysis, identifying patients hospitalized for CD who underwent bowel resection for an indication of obstruction between 1998 and 2020 (era of biologics).
Background: Clostridioides difficile infections (CDIs) are common among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and can mimic and exacerbate IBD flares, thus warranting appropriate testing during flares.
Aims: To examine recent trends in rates of CDI and associated risk factors in hospitalized IBD patients, which may better inform targeted interventions to mitigate the risk of infection.
Methods: This is a retrospective analysis using the Nationwide Readmissions Database from 2010 to 2020 of hospitalized individuals with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC).
Background: Stress reactivity (SR) is associated with increased risk of flares in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Because both preclinical and clinical data support that stress can influence gut microbiome composition and function, we investigated whether microbiome profiles of SR exist in UC.
Methods: Ninety-one UC subjects in clinical and biochemical remission were classified into high and low SR groups by questionnaires.
Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with increased health care utilization. Forecasting of high resource utilizers could improve resource allocation. In this study, we aimed to develop machine learning models (1) to cluster patients according to clinical utilization patterns and (2) to predict longitudinal utilization patterns based on readily available baseline clinical characteristics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Guidelines for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients receiving immunosuppression encouraged both the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) and the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). We aimed to evaluate which pneumococcal vaccines are recommended and administered, and to understand provider and IBD patient knowledge regarding pneumococcal vaccinations.
Methods: We performed a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of 357 adult IBD patients on immunosuppression in our health care system.
Background: Malnutrition is prevalent in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and has been associated with worse clinical outcomes.
Aims: This observational study examines trends in protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) amongst hospitalised IBD and non-IBD patients, and the association between (1) malnutrition and (2) nutrition support and hospitalisation outcomes.
Methods: We queried the Nationwide Readmissions Database from 2010 to 2018 for hospitalisations with and without IBD.
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol
August 2023
Background & Aims: We compared the safety and effectiveness of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) antagonists vs vedolizumab vs ustekinumab in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) in a multicenter cohort (CA-IBD).
Methods: We created an electronic health record-based cohort of adult patients with CD who were initiating a new biologic agent (TNF-α antagonists, ustekinumab, vedolizumab) from 5 health systems in California between 2010 and 2017. We compared the risk of serious infections (safety) and all-cause hospitalization and inflammatory bowel disease-related surgery (effectiveness) between different biologic classes using propensity score (PS) matching.
Introduction: Obesity is variably associated with treatment response in biologic-treated patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). We evaluated the association between obesity and risk of hospitalization, surgery, or serious infections in patients with IBD in new users of biologic agents in a large, multicenter, electronic health record (EHR)-based cohort (CA-IBD).
Methods: We created an EHR-based cohort of adult patients with IBD who were new users of biologic agents (tumor necrosis factor [TNF-α] antagonists, ustekinumab, and vedolizumab) between January 1, 2010, and June 30, 2017, from 5 health systems in California.
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol
March 2023
Background & Aims: Although perceived stress (PS) has been associated with symptomatic flares in inflammatory bowel disease, clinical and physiological measures associated with perceived stress and flare are not known. The aim of this study was to identify physiological factors associated with perceived stress in ulcerative colitis (UC) subjects, and their relationship with flare.
Methods: Patients with UC in clinical remission (Simple Colitis Clinical Activity Index [SCCAI] score <5) underwent clinical and behavioral assessments, morning salivary cortisol measurements, autonomic nervous system activity testing (heart rate variability, electrodermal activity) at baseline with patient-reported SCCAI every 2 weeks over 1 to 2 years and fecal calprotectin at time of flare.
Background And Aims: This study aimed to evaluate associations between disease severity, patient-reported outcomes (PROs), and work productivity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD [Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC)]).
Methods: Patients diagnosed with CD or UC enrolled in CorEvitas' IBD Registry (May 2017 to September 2019) were included (N = 1543; CD, n = 812; UC, n = 731). Disease severity was assessed using the Harvey-Bradshaw Index (CD) and partial Mayo Score (UC); psychosocial PROs (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System [PROMIS]) and work productivity (Work Productivity and Activity Impairment [WPAI]) were assessed.
Background & Aims: There are limited data on outcomes of biologic therapy in Hispanic patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). We compared risk of hospitalization, surgery, and serious infections in Hispanic vs non-Hispanic patients with IBD in a multicenter, electronic health record-based cohort of biologic-treated patients.
Methods: We identified adult patients with IBD who were new users of biologic agents (tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α] antagonists, ustekinumab, vedolizumab) from 5 academic institutions in California between 2010 and 2017.
Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are chronic gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. GI symptom-specific anxiety (GSA) is the cognitive, affective, and behavioral response stemming from fear of GI symptoms. The Visceral Sensitivity Index (VSI) measures GSA and is validated in IBS and may be useful in IBD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Limited guidance exists for the postdischarge care of patients with ulcerative colitis hospitalized for moderate-severe flares.
Methods: RAND methodology was used to establish appropriateness of inpatient and postdischarge steroid dosing, discharge criteria, follow-up, and postdischarge biologic or small molecule initiation. A literature review informed on the panel's voting, which occurred anonymously during 2 rounds before and after a moderated virtual session.
Background: Existing studies on diet and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have largely focused on evaluating the effects of single nutrients or whole predesigned diets but not on evaluating the effects of diverse dietary patterns. This study applied unsupervised methods to identify dietary patterns of individuals with IBD and evaluated their association with symptoms activity.
Methods: This retrospective study of adults with IBD collected current clinical data and typical diet recalled from the time when in clinical remission.
Despite recent advances, there is still a major need to better understand the interactions between brain function and chronic gut inflammation and its clinical implications. Alterations in executive function have previously been identified in several chronic inflammatory conditions, including inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflammation-associated brain alterations can be captured by connectome analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPatients with Crohn's disease (CD) often require surgical resection due to complications, such as strictures and abscesses, or disease refractory to medical therapy. To understand the evolving management of patients with CD after surgery, we outline the risk factors for postoperative recurrence, advances in postoperative endoscopic evaluation and characterization of recurrence, noninvasive methods of assessing postoperative recurrence, use of postoperative prophylactic medical therapy including newer biologics, and novel surgical methods to reduce postoperative recurrence. The Rutgeerts score (RS) was developed to predict progression of disease based on endoscopic appearance postoperatively and to guide medical therapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground & Aims: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) alter their dietary behaviors to reduce disease-related symptoms, avoid feared food triggers, and control inflammation. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), evaluate risk factors, and examine the association with risk of malnutrition in patients with IBD.
Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited adult patients with IBD from an ambulatory clinic.
Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Yet, the impact of NAFLD on outcomes, along with the contribution of nonmetabolic factors to NAFLD development, is unclear. To investigate these topics, we conducted a nationwide study examining the impact of NAFLD on hospitalization outcomes in IBD patients after adjusting for metabolic factors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: We aimed to identify differences in network properties of white matter microstructure between asymptomatic ulcerative colitis (UC) participants who had a history of chronic gut inflammation, healthy controls (HCs) and a disease control group without gut inflammation (irritable bowel syndrome; IBS).
Design: Diffusion weighted imaging was conducted in age and sex-matched participants with UC, IBS, and HCs (N = 74 each), together with measures of gastrointestinal and psychological symptom severity. Using streamline connectivity matrices and graph theory, we aimed to quantify group differences in brain network connectivity.
Purpose: Previous studies have suggested that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) occurs at higher rates among non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs) compared to other ethnicities; however, Hispanics as the largest minority in the United States remain underrepresented in IBD research and we hypothesize that they have similar rates of IBD. We examined the epidemiology, demographics, clinical presentation, and treatment of IBD in a predominantly Hispanic cohort in Los Angeles (LA) County.
Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study based at Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, one of the three major safety-net hospitals in LA County.