Person-centred Approaches to Psychopathology in the ABCD Study: Phenotypes and Neurocognitive Correlates.

Issues with classifying psychopathology using narrow diagnostic categories have prompted calls for the use of dimensional approaches. Yet questions remain about how closely dimensional approaches reflect the way symptoms cluster in individuals, whether known risk factors (e.g.

Brief Report: Local-Global Processing and Co-occurrence of Anxiety, Autistic and Obsessive-Compulsive Traits in a Non-clinical Sample.

Purpose: Increased local-to-global interference has been found in those with ASD, AD and OCD, and as such, may represent a transdiagnostic marker. As a first step to investigating this, we aimed to assess the overlap in traits of these disorders in a non-clinical sample, and whether local-global processing relates to the traits of the three conditions.

Methods: Participants (n = 149) completed questionnaires including the Autism Quotient (AQ), the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (OCI-R) and the Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and an online version of the Navon task.

A comparison of simultaneous and sequential visuo-spatial memory in children born very preterm.

Research suggests that children born very preterm (≤32 weeks' gestation) are at greater risk of impairments in information processing (particularly when information is presented simultaneously rather than sequentially) and visuo-spatial short-term and working memory relative to children born at term. This study compared the performance of children born very preterm with their term-born peers to elucidate the nature of group differences in these areas. 113 children (65 very preterm; 48 term-born) aged 8-to-11 years completed four visuo-spatial recall tasks.

Health-related quality of life and work productivity in UK patients with HER2-positive breast cancer: a cross-sectional study evaluating the relationships between disease and treatment stage.

Background: The impact of different disease stages and treatment for human epidermal growth factor 2 positive (HER2-positive) breast cancer (BC) on work productivity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is poorly understood.

Methods: This was a UK cross-sectional study of 299 adult patients with HER2-positive early or metastatic BC (NCT03099200). Productivity was assessed using the work productivity and activity impairment scale; HRQoL was measured using EuroQol-5 Dimensions-5 levels (EQ-5D-5L), and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Breast (FACT-G and -B) instruments.

Standard Gamble to Derive Utility Health States for Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency.

Purpose: To generate UK health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) data for adult patients with moderate-to-severe limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), unilateral or bilateral, due to physical or chemical ocular burns to help inform economic evaluations of treatments.

Patients And Methods: EQ-5D-3L with vision bolt-on scores was prospectively measured for one of five clinical scenarios of LSCD described in vignettes in a demographically representative population of 520 UK adults. These were converted to health state utilities using three different UK value sets.

Dementia medical screening using mobile applications: A systematic review with a new mapping model.

Early detection is the key to successfully tackling dementia, a neurocognitive condition common among the elderly. Therefore, screening using technological platforms such as mobile applications (apps) may provide an important opportunity to speed up the diagnosis process and improve accessibility. Due to the lack of research into dementia diagnosis and screening tools based on mobile apps, this systematic review aims to identify the available mobile-based dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) apps using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Using drift diffusion modeling to understand inattentive behavior in preterm and term-born children.

Objective: Children born very preterm are at increased risk of inattention, but it remains unclear whether the underlying processes are the same as in their term-born peers. Drift diffusion modeling (DDM) may better characterize the cognitive processes underlying inattention than standard reaction time (RT) measures. This study used DDM to compare the processes related to inattentive behavior in preterm and term-born children.

The impact of increased post-progression survival on the cost-effectiveness of interventions in oncology.

Cost-effectiveness analyses (CEA) of new technologies typically include "background" costs (eg, all "related" health care costs other than the specific technology under evaluation) as well as drug costs. In oncology, these are often expensive. The marginal cost-effectiveness ratio (ie, the extra costs and QALYs associated with each extra period of survival) calculates the ratio of background costs to QALYs during post-progression.

Preferences for the administration of testosterone gel: evidence from a discrete choice experiment.

Differences in testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) gel products may affect patient satisfaction, quality-of-life, and treatment response and adherence. This study investigated preferences for TRT gel in terms of formulation and administration. 525 male adults aged 45 years and over completed a discrete choice experiment.

Process utilities for topical treatment in atopic dermatitis.

Purpose: Management of atopic dermatitis (AD) typically requires application of topical treatments, often multiple times a day. The cosmetic properties and burdensome application of these treatments can be detrimental to quality of life (QoL). Patients who achieve good disease control through use of systemic therapies may reduce the frequency and amount of topical applications, improving QoL.

Item banking and computer-adaptive testing in clinical trials: Standing in sight of the PROMISed land.

The use of patient-reported outcome instruments (PRO) in clinical trials in order to capture the impacts of treatment on patients is widespread. However, regulatory agencies have over the past decade highlighted the need for PROs that are fit for purpose and target relevant aspects of the patient's condition. Many legacy PROs were developed with little patient input, are lengthy, and may lack relevance having not been modified or adapted as medical treatments have advanced.

Economic cost of congenital CMV in the UK.

Objective: Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is the most common infectious cause of congenital disability. It can disrupt neurodevelopment, causing lifelong impairments including sensorineural hearing loss and developmental delay. This study aimed, for the first time, to estimate the annual economic burden of managing cCMV and its sequelae in the UK.

Eye movement data reveal increased attention to combined health warnings on cigarette packs.

Introduction: In 2016 the UK introduced standardised pack design regulations, limiting branding and aiming to increase the salience of health warnings. Existing evidence suggests that the effectiveness of pack design in focusing a smoker's attention toward warnings may depend on how much they smoke. Our study aimed to directly compare attention to branding and warnings between the pre-regulation and post-regulation packs in smokers, and to determine whether this was affected by the amount smoked, to assess the effectiveness of the new policies.

Cognitive predictors of parent-rated inattention in very preterm children: The role of working memory and processing speed.

Inattention is one of the most common neurobehavioral problems following very preterm birth. Attention problems can persist into adulthood and are associated with negative socio-emotional and educational outcomes. This study aimed to determine whether the cognitive processes associated with inattention differ between term-born and very preterm children.

Utility elicitation in adults and children for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and associated health states.

Purpose: Allergic rhinitis and asthma symptoms are detrimental to health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Health technology appraisal agencies often require cost-utility analysis when assessing new interventions. Appropriate utility estimates, which quantify the value of different conditions in cost-utility analyses, are scarce for allergic rhinitis and asthma health states.

Prolonging the response movement inhibits the feed-forward motor program in the sustained attention to response task.

Despite widespread use in clinical and experimental contexts, debate continues over whether or not the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) successfully measures sustained attention. Altering physical aspects of the response movement required to SART stimuli may help identify whether performance is a better measure of perceptual decoupling, or response strategies and motor inhibition. Participants completed a SART where they had to manually move a mouse cursor to respond to stimuli, and another SART where this extra movement was not required, as in a typical SART.