Endoscopic spray cryotherapy for esophageal cancer: safety and efficacy.

Background: Few options exist for patients with localized esophageal cancer ineligible for conventional therapies. Endoscopic spray cryotherapy with low-pressure liquid nitrogen has demonstrated efficacy in this setting in early studies.

Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of cryotherapy in esophageal carcinoma.

Safety and efficacy of endoscopic spray cryotherapy for Barrett's esophagus with high-grade dysplasia.

Background: Endoscopic ablation to treat Barrett's esophagus (BE) with high-grade dysplasia (HGD) is associated with a decreased incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Endoscopic spray cryotherapy (CRYO) demonstrates promising preliminary data.

Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of CRYO in BE with HGD.

Incidence of prolonged length of stay after orthotopic liver transplantation and its influence on outcomes.

Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the only effective treatment for end-stage liver disease. Although most patients do well and are discharged promptly, some require prolonged length of stay (PLOS). The prevalence of PLOS, associated factors, and their impact on survival are not well defined.

Hepatitis C and HIV.

HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are global health concerns, and coinfection with these viruses is common due to shared routes of transmission. Mortality rates from AIDS and HIV-associated opportunistic infections have decreased since the institution of highly active antiretroviral therapy, but the incidence of liver-related mortality in coinfected patients has subsequently risen significantly. This increase in progression of liver disease and its subsequent increased mortality have spurred research into the optimization of evaluation and management of the HIV-HCV coinfected patient.

HIV coinfection with hepatitis C and hepatitis B.

HIV, hepatitis C virus, and hepatitis B virus are global health concerns. Due to shared routes of transmission, coinfection is common. The incidence of liver-related mortality in coinfected patients has risen significantly since the inception of highly active antiretroviral therapy, a treatment that has helped decreased mortality rates from AIDS and opportunistic infections.