Childhood Disruptions in Caregiving, Adult Parental Attachment, and Borderline Features in Emerging Adulthood: Rejection Sensitivity as a Mechanism of Influence.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe psychiatric disorder first diagnosed in adolescence or emerging adulthood, which develops in part in the context of early attachment relationships. We tested a cross-sectional model linking caregiver disruptions during childhood, current parental attachment, and rejection sensitivity, to borderline features in 2,546 emerging adult college students. A structural equation model revealed that childhood caregiver disruptions were associated with lower quality adult parental attachment.

Sexual Abuse as a Risk Factor for Opioid Misuse in Pregnancy.

The purpose of this study was to identify a potential relationship between childhood sexual abuse and opioid misuse in pregnancy and to illustrate the need for better integration and collaboration between the medical and psychological disciplines to combat the opioid crisis. We sampled 93 pregnant women at a high-risk pregnancy clinic within a university medical center who were in their second trimester or beyond. Fifty-five women were considered high-risk due to opioid misuse and 38 women were considered high-risk due to medical reasons other than drug use.

Medication-assisted treatment vs. detoxification for women who misuse opioids in pregnancy: Associations with dropout, relapse, neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS), and childhood sexual abuse.

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for pregnant women who misuse opioids rather than detoxification because of possible relapse and dropout from treatment (ACOG, 2017). In a prospective study, fifty-five pregnant women with an opioid use disorder were offered a choice of MAT or detoxification. Ethical concerns precluded random assignment.

The borderline feature of negative relationships and the intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment between mothers and adolescents.

The current study examined the intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment in the context of maternal self-reported borderline features (affective instability, negative relationships, identity disturbance, and self-harm/impulsivity) and a maternal borderline personality disorder (BPD) diagnosis. We sampled 41 adolescents of 14 to 18 years of age and their mothers. A total of 19 mothers had a diagnosis of BPD, and 22 mothers were comparisons without the disorder.

Pregnant women's history of childhood maltreatment and current opioid use: The mediating role of reflective functioning.

There is an association between the experience of childhood maltreatment and opioid misuse in adults, especially for women. However, we know little about this association in pregnancy, and less about processes that could be the target of interventions to help women better parent their infants. We examined reflective functioning as a putative process.

Opioid use in pregnancy: Borderline features and Hepatitis C virus.

This study examined the relationship between borderline personality disorder assessed as self-reported borderline features (Morey, 1991), opioid use, and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) in pregnant women. There were 55 women in the opioid use group and 38 in the comparison group who were at high risk due to medical issues that did not include drug use. Women were in their 2nd or 3rd trimester.

The Experience of Maltreatment in Young Children Whose Mothers Have Borderline Personality Disorder: Reflections in Their Narrative Representations.

Child maltreatment is an etiological factor in borderline personality disorder (BPD), which may be transmitted to the children of mothers with BPD. We assessed maltreatment in 36 children aged 4-7 whose mothers have BPD and in 34 normative comparisons. Children whose mothers have BPD were more likely to have experienced sexual abuse, physical abuse, and neglect than were normative comparisons.

Mother-child role confusion, child adjustment problems, and the moderating roles of child temperament and sex.

Role confusion is a deviation in the parent-child relationship such that a parent looks to a child to meet the parent's emotional needs and abdicates, in part, the parental role in exchange for care, intimacy, or peer support from the child. In addition, a child may initiate role-confused behavior in order to gain closeness to a parent who is otherwise preoccupied by his or her own needs. The current study examined associations between mother-child role confusion at age 5 (we coded role confusion from filmed free-play mother-child interactions) and teacher reports of internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and peer problems, at Grade 1.

Empirical Studies Addressing the Opioid Epidemic: An Urgent Call for Research.

Opioid misuse has become one of the most pressing public health problems facing the country. In this article, we briefly review literature regarding the opioid epidemic in the United States and the negative consequences of opioid use disorder. We provide information regarding treatment and relapse using a variety of intervention approaches.

Patterns of Emotional Availability between Mothers and Young Children: Associations with Risk Factors for Borderline Personality Disorder.

Emotional availability (EA) characterizes a warm, close relationship between caregiver and child. We compared patterns (clusters) of EA on risk factors, including those for borderline personality disorder (BPD). We sampled 70 children aged 4 to 7 years from low-socioeconomic backgrounds, 51% of whose mothers had BPD.

Maternal psychological control, maternal borderline personality disorder, and adolescent borderline features.

Linehan (1993) theorized that the experience of invalidating parenting interacts with emotional vulnerability in the development of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Parental psychological control is a type of invalidating parenting, defined as manipulation by parents of their offspring's psychological and emotional expression and experience (Barber, 1996). In a normative sample of adolescent females, adolescent-reported maternal psychological control was related to maternal borderline symptoms (Zalewski et al.

Effect of maternal borderline personality disorder on adolescents' experience of maltreatment and adolescent borderline features.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe and chronic mental illness. Self-reported borderline features correlate highly with a diagnosis (affective instability, negative relationships, unstable sense of self, self-harm). Etiological factors of BPD include childhood maltreatment.

A Mother's Borderline Personality Disorder and Her Sensitivity, Autonomy Support, Hostility, Fearful/Disoriented Behavior, and Role Reversal With Her Young Child.

There is some evidence that maternal borderline personality disorder (BPD) adversely affects parenting in infancy, resulting in disorganized attachment, which longitudinally predicts BPD symptoms in adulthood. We examined parenting related to disorganized attachment beyond infancy in offspring of mothers with BPD, when parenting becomes a goal-corrected partnership. We observed puzzle solving in a low socioeconomic status (SES) sample of mothers with BPD and their children ages 4-7, n = 36, and normative comparisons, n = 34.

Evidence for phase-based psychotherapy as a treatment for dissociative identity disorder comorbid with major depressive disorder and alcohol dependence.

We report on the treatment and successful outcome of a 58-year-old Native American male with a history of complex trauma presenting with dissociative identity disorder (DID) and major depressive disorder. The treatment included a trauma-informed phase-based psychotherapy as recommended by the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation for treating DID. We assessed symptoms at baseline and at three additional time points over the course of 14 months.

Negative Affectivity and Effortful Control in Mothers With Borderline Personality Disorder and in Their Young Children.

Research has examined temperament in individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) but not in their offspring, despite offspring's risk of developing BPD and the importance of temperament in the etiology of BPD. We recruited a low-socioeconomic sample of 36 mothers with BPD and their children ages 4 through 7, and 34 normative comparisons. Replicating prior studies, mothers with BPD reported themselves as having more negative affectivity (frustration, fear) and less effortful control (inhibitory control, attentional control, activation control) than did comparisons.

Effect of maternal autonomy and relatedness and borderline personality disorder on adolescent symptomatology.

Several theories propose a relationship between deficits in autonomy and relatedness and the development of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Empirical work supports relationships between maternal BPD and adolescent symptomatology, as well as between maternal autonomy and relatedness and adolescent symptomatology. However, no study has examined how individuals with BPD differ from normative comparisons on autonomy and relatedness, or whether mothers' BPD mediates the relationship between their autonomy and relatedness and their adolescents' symptomatology.

Mothers with borderline personality and their young children: Adult Attachment Interviews, mother-child interactions, and children's narrative representations.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) involves disruptions in attachment, self, and self-regulation, domains conceptually similar to developmental tasks of early childhood. Because offspring of mothers with BPD are at elevated risk of developing BPD themselves (White, Gunderson, Zanarini, & Hudson, 2003), studying them may inform precursors to BPD. We sampled 31 children age 4-7 whose mothers have BPD and 31 normative comparisons.

Do mothers with borderline personality disorder oscillate in their behavior towards their children? Implications for interventions: commentary on Stepp, Whalen, Pilkonis, Hipwell, and Levine's article "Children of mothers with borderline personality disorder: identifying parenting behaviors as potential targets for intervention".

Comments on an article Children of mothers with borderline personality disorder: Identifying parenting behaviors as potential targets for intervention by Stepp, Whalen, Pilkonis, Hipwell, and Levine (see record 2011-05873-001). Maternal borderline personality disorder (BPD) may present a challenge for children's development (Macfie, 2009). Although the fertility rate for women with BPD is relatively low (McGlashan, 1986; Stone, 1990), BPD affects women exclusively during their childbearing years: from adolescence (Ludolph et al.

Development in Children and Adolescents Whose Mothers Have Borderline Personality Disorder.

A mother's mental illness may have a profound effect on her child's development, including an increased risk of the child developing the same disorder. From a developmental psychopathology perspective, offspring provide an opportunity to examine pathways to disorder versus resilience. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe disorder diagnosed in early adulthood involving stormy relationships, an unstable sense of identity, and self-destructive behavior.

Representations of the caregiver-child relationship and of the self, and emotion regulation in the narratives of young children whose mothers have borderline personality disorder.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) represents a severe distortion in the development of attachment, self, and emotion regulation. Study of children at high risk of developing BPD may inform precursors to BPD. In a low socioeconomic status sample of 30 children aged 4-7 whose mothers have BPD and 30 normative comparisons, representations of the caregiver-child relationship and of the self, and emotion regulation were assessed with a story-stem completion measure.

Pathways from infant exposure to marital conflict to parent-toddler role reversal.

We know that exposure to marital conflict places infants at risk, but we know less about processes. One process may be role reversal, when a distressed parent looks to the child to meet unmet needs for comfort, intimacy, or companionship. A parent in marital conflict may be particularly prone to role reversal, which in turn adversely affects child development.

Independent influences upon mother-toddler role reversal: infant-mother attachment disorganization and role reversal in mother's childhood.

In role reversal a child takes an inappropriate parental, spousal, or peer role with the caregiver. The study assessed attachment disorganization with mother in infancy in the Strange Situation (Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, & Wall, 1978) and role reversal at 2 years old in videotaped mother-child interactions. By closely observing role reversal at this early age, results fill in the picture concerning the link between disorganized infant-mother attachment and controlling role reversal at 6 years old (Main & Cassidy, 1988; Main, Kaplan, & Cassidy, 1985).

Intergenerational transmission of role reversal between parent and child: dyadic and family systems internal working models.

The current study examined the intergenerational transmission of role reversal within a developmental psychopathology framework. Role reversal is a relationship disturbance in which a parent looks to a child to meet the parent's need for comfort, parenting, intimacy, or play, and the child attempts to meet these needs. In a normative sample, n=138, fathers and mothers reported on childhood role reversal with their mothers as part of the Adult Attachment Interview, AAI (George, Kaplan, & Main, 1984).

Differentiating among insecure mother-infant attachment classifications: a focus on child-friend interaction and exploration during solitary play at 36 months.

Utilizing data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care, the primary objective of the current report was to examine how avoidant and resistant mother - infant attachment classifications at 15 months were differentially associated with children's interaction with a same-sex friend and exploration during solitary play at 36 months. The added contributions of attachment security at 36 months and maternal sensitivity from 6 to 36 months to the prediction of child outcomes were also explored. As hypothesized, an avoidant attachment history was related to more instrumental aggression during child-friend interaction, whereas a resistant attachment history was associated with less self-assertion/control among friends and less attention and pretend play during exploration.