Computed tomography-based pulmonary vasculature analysis of decreased lung perfusion after thoracic radiotherapy in patients with lung cancer.

Purpose: This study aimed to quantitatively assess changes in lung perfusion after thoracic radiotherapy in lung cancer patients.

Materials And Methods: Patients underwent chest computed tomography (CT) for pulmonary vasculature analysis before radiotherapy and at 3 and 12 months after radiotherapy. The correlation between the percentage decrease in lung perfusion after radiotherapy and the delivered radiotherapy dose was analyzed.

Clinical Variables and Radiomics Features for Predicting Pneumothorax in Patients Undergoing CT-guided Transthoracic Core Needle Biopsy.

Purpose To develop a prediction model combining both clinical and CT texture analysis radiomics features for predicting pneumothorax complications in patients undergoing CT-guided core needle biopsy. Materials and Methods A total of 424 patients (mean age, 65.6 years ± 12.

Prognostic nutritional index and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio predict toxicities and prognosis in patients with cervical cancer treated with curative radiochemotherapy.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the influence of immunonutritional factors on treatment-related toxicities and survival outcomes in patients with cervical cancer undergoing definitive radiochemotherapy.

Methods: Patients with cervical cancer who received curative radiochemotherapy between 2016 and 2021 were retrospectively investigated. Pretreatment prognostic nutritional index (PNI), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were measured.

Noninvasive cardiac radioablation for ventricular tachycardia: dosimetric comparison between linear accelerator- and robotic CyberKnife-based radiosurgery systems.

Background: Few dosimetric comparisons have been published between linear accelerator (LA)-based systems and CyberKnife (CK)-based robotic radiosurgery systems for cardiac radio-ablation in ventricular tachycardia. This study aimed to compare the dosimetry of noninvasive cardiac radio-ablation deliverable on LA with that on CK.

Methods: Thirteen patients who underwent noninvasive cardiac radio-ablation by LA were included.

PET/MRI in Endometrial Cancer: Imaging Biomarkers are Associated with Disease Progression and Overall Survival.

Rationale And Objectives: To evaluate the association between positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers and survival outcomes in patients with endometrial cancer.

Materials And Methods: Between April 2014 and April 2016, 88 patients with newly diagnosed endometrial cancer participated this prospective study and underwent [F] fluorodeoxyglucose PET/MRI. Sixty-nine patients with measurable tumors on PET/MRI were included in the image analysis.

Cisplatin and Albumin-Based Gold-Cisplatin Nanoparticles Enhance Ablative Radiation Therapy-Induced Antitumor Immunity in Local and Distant Tumor Microenvironment.

Purpose: Ablative radiation therapy (RT) is an important strategy to eliminate primary tumor and can potentially induce the abscopal effect. Human serum albumin nanoparticle (NP) was used for controlled release of cisplatin to decrease cisplatin's systemic toxicity, and gold (Au) was added to increase RT-induced immunogenic cell death and potentiate the abscopal antitumor immunity.

Methods And Materials: The designed albumin-based cisplatin-conjugated AuNPs were administered concurrently with ablative RT.

Obesity promotes radioresistance through SERPINE1-mediated aggressiveness and DNA repair of triple-negative breast cancer.

Obesity is a risk factor in various types of cancer, including breast cancer. The disturbance of adipose tissue in obesity highly correlates with cancer progression and resistance to standard treatments such as chemo- and radio-therapies. In this study, in a syngeneic mouse model of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), diet-induced obesity (DIO) not only promoted tumor growth, but also reduced tumor response to radiotherapy.

Therapeutic efficacy of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibition in combination with ionizing radiation for lung cancer.

Purpose: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibition in combination with ionizing radiation for lung cancer.

Materials And Methods: Human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and squamous cell carcinoma (H520) cells were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of CDK inhibition in combination with ionizing radiation in vitro using colony formation assay, γH2AX immunofluorescence staining, western blotting, and cell cycle phase analysis. We also performed in vivo evaluations of ectopic tumor growth.

Xenon-Enhanced Ventilation Computed Tomography for Functional Lung Avoidance Radiation Therapy in Patients With Lung Cancer.

Purpose: This phase 2 trial aimed to determine whether xenon-enhanced ventilation computed tomography (XeCT)-guided functional-lung-avoidance radiation therapy could reduce the radiation pneumonitis (RP) rate in patients with lung cancer undergoing definitive chemoradiation therapy.

Methods And Materials: Functional lung ventilation was measured via pulmonary function testing (PFT) and XeCT. A standard plan (SP) without reference to XeCT and a functional-lung-avoidance plan (fAP) optimized for lowering the radiation dose to the functional lung at the guidance of XeCT were designed.

Preclinical evaluation of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin as an effective radiosensitizer in chemoradiotherapy for lung cancer.

Purpose: Development of a safe and effective systemic chemotherapeutic agent for concurrent administration with definitive thoracic radiotherapy remains a major goal of lung cancer management. The synergistic effect of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin and irradiation was evaluated in lung cancer cell lines both in vitro and in vivo.

Methods: In vitro radiosensitization of A549 and LLC cell lines was evaluated by colony formation assay, γH2AX fluorescent staining and western blot assay, and annexin V staining.

Real-World Evaluation of Modern Adjuvant Radiotherapy in Women with Stage IB Endometrial Cancer.

The optimal adjuvant treatment for stage IB endometrial cancer remains undefined. We investigated the benefit of modern adjuvant radiotherapy for women with stage IB endometrial cancer. We retrospectively reviewed patients with surgically staged, pure stage IB endometrioid adenocarcinoma (2010 to 2018).

Assessing tumor angiogenesis using dynamic contrast-enhanced integrated magnetic resonance-positron emission tomography in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.

Background: Angiogenesis assessment is important for personalized therapeutic intervention in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study investigated whether radiologic parameters obtained by dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-integrated magnetic resonance-positron emission tomography (MR-PET) could be used to quantitatively assess tumor angiogenesis in NSCLC.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included 75 patients with NSCLC who underwent DCE-integrated MR-PET at diagnosis.

A retrospective study of clinicopathologic and molecular features of inoperable early-stage non-small cell lung cancer treated with stereotactic ablative radiotherapy.

Background/purpose: Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) is the treatment of choice for medically inoperable, early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (ES-NSCLC). The influence of oncogenic driver alterations and comorbidities are not well known. Here we present treatment outcomes based on clinicopathologic features and molecular profiles.

Hippocampal avoidance whole-brain radiotherapy without memantine in preserving neurocognitive function for brain metastases: a phase II blinded randomized trial.

Background: Hippocampal avoidance whole-brain radiotherapy (HA-WBRT) shows potential for neurocognitive preservation. This study aimed to evaluate whether HA-WBRT or conformal WBRT (C-WBRT) is better for preserving neurocognitive function.

Methods: This single-blinded randomized phase II trial enrolled patients with brain metastases and randomly assigned them to receive HA-WBRT or C-WBRT.

Evaluation of antitumor immunity by a combination treatment of high-dose irradiation, anti-PDL1, and anti-angiogenic therapy in murine lung tumors.

C57BL/6 mice implanted in the flank with murine Lewis lung carcinoma cells were randomized into control, anti-angiogenic, anti-PD-L1, radiotherapy (RT), RT + anti-angiogenic, RT + anti-PD-L1, and RT + anti-PD-L1 + anti-angiogenic therapy groups. Immune response and immunophenotyping were determined by flow cytometry. Vasculature analysis after RT and anti-angiogenic therapy was assessed by quantified power Doppler sonography.

Impact of adjuvant radiotherapy on the survival of women with optimally resected stage III endometrial cancer in the era of modern radiotherapy: a retrospective study.

Background: The optimal adjuvant treatment for stage III endometrial cancer in the era of modern radiotherapy remains undefined. We investigated the benefit of adjuvant radiotherapy for women who underwent optimal resection for stage III endometrial cancer in the era of modern radiotherapy.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with endometrial cancer who were treated between 2010 and 2018.

Extended-field bone marrow sparing radiotherapy for primary chemoradiotherapy in cervical cancer patients with para-aortic lymphadenopathy: Volumetric-modulated arc therapy versus helical tomotherapy.

Background: Extended-field (EF) bone marrow-sparing (BMS) radiotherapy is attracting interest for cervical cancer patients with para-aortic lymphadenopathy.

Objective: To compare dosimetric quality of volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) vs. helical tomotherapy (HT) during EF BMS radiotherapy.

Impact of smoking cessation on clinical outcomes in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma receiving curative chemoradiotherapy: A prospective study.

Background: We hypothesized that patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with smoking cessation during curative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) had fewer complications and lower tumor progression risks.

Methods: Sixty-three patients with nonmetastatic HNSCC who were smokers at diagnosis (carbon monoxide [CO] breath concentrations ≥3 ppm) and underwent curative CRT were prospectively enrolled. Successful smoking cessation throughout CRT was confirmed by CO breath concentrations <3 ppm at CRT completion.

Predicting tumor responses and patient survival in chemoradiotherapy-treated patients with non-small-cell lung cancer using dynamic contrast-enhanced integrated magnetic resonance-positron-emission tomography.

Purpose: We investigated whether radiologic parameters by dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) integrated magnetic resonance-positron-emission tomography (MR-PET) predicts tumor response to treatment and survival in non-metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving chemoradiotherapy (CRT).

Methods: Patients underwent DCE integrated MR-PET imaging 1 week before CRT. The following parameters were analyzed: primary tumor size, gross tumor volume, maximal standardized uptake value (SUV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), volume transfer constant (K), reverse reflux rate constant (k), extracellular extravascular volume fraction (v), blood plasma volume fraction (v), and initial area under the time-concentration curve defined over the first 60 s post-enhancement (iAUC).

Persistently elevated soluble MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A and transforming growth factor-β1 levels are poor prognostic factors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma after definitive chemoradiotherapy.

We evaluated the prognostic significance of immunologic inhibitory biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients undergoing definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Thirty patients were prospectively enrolled. Plasma levels of soluble MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A (sMICA) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were measured before and 2 weeks after CRT.