A multicenter study to evaluate the analytical precision by pathologists using the Aperio GT 450 DX.

Background: Digital pathology systems (DPS) are emerging as capable technologies for clinical practice. Studies have analyzed pathologists' diagnostic concordance by comparing reviews of whole slide images (WSIs) to glass slides (e.g.

Participation in staff engagement campaigns at large healthcare organisations: a focus group study.

Introduction: Healthcare organisations work better with an engaged workforce, and staff-engagement campaigns offer a method to build this engagement. Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust (LTHT), one of the UK's largest Trusts, provides an example of where an organisation-wide engagement intervention has been used in a healthcare setting. This study aimed to understand why staff participate, or do not participate, in staff-engagement campaigns, supporting healthcare leaders to increase participation in future campaigns.

Scoping Review of Music Interventions Aimed at Improving Reading Skills in Children with Specific Learning Disorders in Reading.

An emerging body of research utilizes music in the treatment of children with specific learning disorders in reading. However, greater understanding of music interventions is necessary for efficient application of music to address children's specific reading needs. Therefore, this scoping review aimed to identify the key musical concepts used to improve reading skills.

No evidence for interactions of dimethylfumarate (DMF) and its main metabolite monomethylfumarate (MMF) with human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) drug transporter.

Dimethylfumarate (DMF) has long been used as part of a fixed combination of fumaric acid esters (FAE) in some European countries and is now available as an oral monotherapy for psoriasis. The present investigation determined whether DMF and its main metabolite monomethylfumarate (MMF) interact with hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) transporter, and was performed as part of DMF's regulatory commitments. Although referred to in the available product labels/summary of product characteristics, the actual data have not yet been made publicly available.

Enlisting the support of trusted sources to tackle policy problems: The case of antimicrobial resistance.

Antimicrobial resistance represents one of the world's most pressing public health problems. Governments around the world have-and will continue to-develop policy proposals to deal with this problem. However, the capacity of government will be constrained by very low levels of trust in government.

Older patients have the most to gain from orthopaedic enhanced recovery programmes.

Background: Between August 2007 and May 2009, 2128 consecutive patients underwent either primary hip or knee joint replacement surgery at our institute on an enhanced recovery pathway. We aimed to investigate the potential benefits of this pathway in patients over the age of 85 years.

Methods: Data extracted from Hospital Episode Statistics were analysed.

Exploring productivity and collaboration in Australian Indigenous health research, 1995-2008.

Background: Building research capacity in Indigenous health has been recognised as integral in efforts to reduce the significant health disparities between Indigenous and other Australian populations. The past few decades have seen substantial changes in funding policy for Australian Indigenous health research, including increases in overall expenditure and a greater focus on collaborative and priority-driven research. However, whether these policy shifts have resulted in any change to the structure of the research workforce in this field is unclear.

Evaluation of a prototype tool for communicating body perception disturbances in complex regional pain syndrome.

Patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) experience distressing changes in body perception. However representing body perception is a challenge. A digital media tool for communicating body perception disturbances was developed.

Efficacy of botulinum toxin A in children with cerebral palsy in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels IV and V: a systematic review.

Aim: Previous studies have shown the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) in the management of ambulant individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). There is little evidence on its use in non-ambulant children with CP. This review aimed to investigate indications and efficacy for BoNT-A use in managing pain, care, and comfort, and improving function in children with CP in Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels IV and V.

Imaging and clinical evidence of sensorimotor problems in CRPS: utilizing novel treatment approaches.

Inflammation and altered autonomic function are diagnostic signs and symptoms of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. In the acute stages these are commonly at their most florid accompanied by severe pain and reduced function. Understandably this has directed research towards potential peripheral drivers for the causal mechanisms of this condition.

Influencing public policy on oral health.

Objectives: In policy studies, an enduring research question is why some issues are taken seriously while others never become a central focus of policy making. This study aims to analyse the predecision stage of policy making and examines the position of oral health on the broader health policy agenda.

Methods: A study of networks of influence in health policy in the state of Victoria (Australia) is used to examine the health policy agenda, and the position of oral health within the broader health policy agenda.

Use of intrathecal baclofen therapy in ambulant children and adolescents with spasticity and dystonia of cerebral origin: a systematic review.

Aim: Studies on the use of intrathecal baclofen (ITB) for ambulant adults with spasticity and/or dystonia of cerebral origin are scarce, and are even more limited for children and adolescents. This systematic review investigates the use of ITB to improve walking, transfer ability, and gross motor activities in ambulant children and adolescents with spasticity and/or dystonia of cerebral origin.

Method: Electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE, full Cochrane Library, and PEDro) were searched from the earliest date available until March 2011 using combined subject headings and free text if supported by the databases.

Indigenous health organizations in Australia: connections and capacity.

The health of Aboriginal people is significantly worse than that of the rest of the Australian population. Aboriginal community-controlled health organizations live with uncertainty in terms of funding, and the amount of money spent on indigenous people through mainstream health services is less than that spent on the non-indigenous population, especially when the different needs of these two groups are taken into account. The Aboriginal population is small and widely dispersed, causing problems for policy and funding.

Evaluation of spasticity in children with cerebral palsy using Ashworth and Tardieu Scales compared with laboratory measures.

The content validity of the Tardieu Scale and the Ashworth Scale was assessed in 27 independently ambulant children with cerebral palsy (gender: 17 males, 10 females; age: 5-9 years; Gross Motor Function Classification: level I and II). Ashworth and Tardieu Scale scores and laboratory measures of spasticity and contracture were collected from the plantarflexor muscles by 2 examiners who were blinded to the results. The Tardieu Scale was more effective than the Ashworth Scale in identifying the presence of spasticity (88.

Somatosensory conflicts in complex regional pain syndrome type 1 and fibromyalgia syndrome.

The somatosensory system is an integral component of the motor control system that facilitates the recognition of location and experience of peripheral stimuli, as well as body part position and differentiation. In chronic pain, this system may be disrupted by alterations in peripheral and cortical processing. Clinical symptoms that accompany such changes can be difficult for patients to describe and health care practitioners to comprehend.

Evaluation of the blood stabilizers TransFix and Cyto-Chex BCT for low-cost CD4 T-cell methodologies.

TransFix(TM) and Cyto-Chex((R)) BCT (blood collection tube) reagents have been shown to maintain whole blood integrity for delayed immunophenotyping by flow cytometry. We evaluated the ability of these blood-stabilizing reagents to preserve HIV-seropositive blood for delayed CD4(+) T-cell quantification utilizing the Dynal((R)) Biotech T4 Quant Kit. TransFix was added to EDTA-anticoagulated whole blood and tested at a 1:10 dilution over 7 d using the Dynal (n = 21) manual method.

Understanding policy influence and the public health agenda.

This paper analyses how the policy process is shaped by networks of influence. It reports on a study of health policy influence in Victoria, describing the theoretical framework and the methods used. Social network analysis, combined with interviews, was used to map the network's structure, identify important individuals and examine issues seen to be important and difficult.

Delayed diagnosis of HIV infection in Victoria 1994 to 2006.

Background: The identification of factors associated with delayed diagnosis of HIV infection in Victoria, Australia was the aim of the present study.

Methods: Demographic and epidemiological characteristics of cases notified to the Victorian HIV surveillance database between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 2006 were analysed. Delayed diagnosis was defined as: CD4 count below 200 cells mm(-3) at HIV diagnosis or diagnosis of AIDS earlier than 3 months after HIV diagnosis.