Determining user implementation needs for pharmacist-prescribed contraception using concept mapping: A participatory, multiple stakeholder approach.

Background: As of October 2024, 29 states and the District of Columbia allow community pharmacists to prescribe hormonal contraceptives. Pharmacists have reported many challenges and barriers to service implementation.

Methods: Concept mapping was used to gather insights from diverse stakeholders to identify resources to facilitate implementation of pharmacist-prescribed contraceptive services.

Implementation of pharmacist-prescribed contraceptive services: A case series of early adopters.

Background: The objective of this study was to interview five early adopters of pharmacist-prescribed contraceptive services to gain insight into successful implementation, with a focus on each pharmacy's approach, successes, challenges, lessons learned, and practice implications.

Case Summaries: The five pharmacists who were interviewed included men and women working for independent, chain, and hospital system pharmacies in rural, suburban, and urban areas in various states. Each pharmacy had a unique approach to implementation of pharmacist-prescribed contraceptive services and a variety of service features.

Community pharmacists' readiness to take action to improve working conditions.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess pharmacists' readiness to take actions resulting in change at the individual level or systemic level.

Design/setting And Participants/outcome Measures: An online survey was distributed via pharmacy-related social media pages and several state pharmacy association newsletters and e-mail listservs. Fifteen items assessed participants' readiness to pursue change using a 5-point scale based on the transtheoretical model of behavior change (1 = Do not plan on doing, 2 = Plan to take in the next 6 months, 3 = Plan to take in the next month, 4 = Took in the past 6 months, 5 = Took more than 6 months ago).

Determining and regulating scope of practice for health care professionals: A participatory, multiple stakeholder approach.

Background: Scope of practice varies between health professions and states.

Objective: To explore stakeholders' preferences for determining and regulating health care professionals' scopes of practice.

Methods: Stakeholders in medicine, nursing, and pharmacy, including practitioners, leaders of professional associations, regulatory board members, and healthcare executives, were recruited via professional organizations, social media, and snowball sampling.

Evaluation of Student Pharmacists' Attitudes and Perceptions of Hormonal Contraception Prescribing in Indiana.

Community pharmacists' scope of practice is expanding to include hormonal contraceptive prescribing. Prior to introducing statewide legislation, it is important to assess the perceptions of future pharmacists. A cross-sectional survey was distributed to 651 third- and fourth-year professional students enrolled at three colleges of pharmacy in Indiana.

Impact of pharmacist prescribing through direct pharmacy access policies on access to hormonal contraception.

Background/objective: This study assesses the impact of direct pharmacy access (DPA) policies that allow pharmacists to prescribe hormonal contraceptives on women's access by comparing access among 3 groups: (1) women in a state without DPA (Indiana), (2) women in a state with DPA, but not using DPA, and (3) women in a state with DPA and using DPA.

Methods: This cross-sectional survey, including a scale to measure access to contraceptives, perception items, and demographics, was distributed through Amazon Mechanical Turk (Amazon.com, Inc).

Perceptions of working conditions and safety concerns in community pharmacy.

Background/objective: Working conditions within community pharmacy can impact pharmacists and their ability to provide safe patient care. The objective of this study was to determine pharmacists' perceptions of working conditions while controlling for respondent (years of experience, degree, work status) and workplace variables (prescription volume, type of community setting).

Methods: This mixed-methods study used a cross-sectional survey to investigate community pharmacists' perceptions of company climate (at the store level, corporate level, as well as fear of discipline), workflow issues, and career satisfaction.

Policy solutions to address community pharmacy working conditions.

Objective: Increasing attention has been drawn to poor working conditions in community pharmacy, the impact on patient safety, and the role of pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) in the United States. This study assessed community pharmacists' perceptions of potential solutions to improve working conditions.

Methods: This mixed-methods, survey-based study explored pharmacists' proposed solutions for improving working conditions.

Pharmacists' Perceptions, Barriers, and Potential Solutions to Implementing a Direct Pharmacy Access Policy in Indiana.

This study assessed pharmacists' perceptions, barriers, and potential solutions for implementing a policy allowing pharmacists to prescribe hormonal contraceptives in Indiana. A mixed-method survey ( = 131, 22.3% response rate), using Likert-type scales, dichotomous responses (yes/no), and open-ended questions, was distributed to pharmacy preceptors in Indiana.

Pharmacists' impact on older adults' access to vaccines in the United States.

Objective: The purpose of this systematic review was to explore pharmacists' impact on older adults' access to vaccines in terms of realized accessibility, financial accessibility, and vaccine availability.

Methods: Five databases were searched using a search strategy developed in PubMed and translated to other databases. Included studies were English-language, United States-based primary literature published between 1994 to present day.

Social and legislative shaping of access to contraceptives and the pharmacist's role: A literature review.

Background: Despite years of research and numerous policies, access to contraceptives in the United States remains imperfect. Largely due to lack of access to contraceptives, unintended pregnancy rates remain high.

Objective: To provide researchers and policy-makers with a comprehensive review of the legislative and social landscape that has shaped contraceptive access in the United States, which may help to guide future research and policies.

The effect of pharmacy setting and pharmacist communication style on patient perceptions and selection of pharmacists.

Objectives: To determine a) the impact of pharmacy setting (chain vs. independent) and b) pharmacists' communication styles on patients' pharmacist selection preferences and their perceptions of pharmacists.

Design: A 2 (pharmacy setting) × 4 (communication style of pharmacist) mixed-design experiment using online vignettes, where pharmacy setting (chain vs.