Iatrogenic vertebral arteriovenous fistula treated with a hemobahn stent-graft.

Purpose: To illustrate the utility of color flow duplex ultrasound (CFDU) in the diagnosis and stent-graft treatment of a rare arteriovenous fistula (AVF) involving the vertebral artery and vein.

Case Report: An iatrogenic AVF involving the right vertebral artery and vein was diagnosed in a 45-year-old man using CFDU. Treatment was recommended due to the large volume of blood shunted through the fistula and the associated loud bruit.

Synergism between allergens and viruses and risk of hospital admission with asthma: case-control study.

Objective: To investigate the importance of sensitisation and exposure to allergens and viral infection in precipitating acute asthma in adults resulting in admission to hospital.

Design: Case-control study.

Setting: Large district general hospital.