Coronavirus stigmatization and psychological distress among Asians in the United States.

Objectives: Coronavirus stigmatization may be disproportionately impacting ethnoracial minority groups in the US. We test three hypotheses: [H1] Asians in the US are more likely to report experiencing coronavirus stigmatization than non-Hispanic Whites; [H2] Coronavirus stigmatization is associated with psychological distress; [H3] Magnitude of association between coronavirus stigmatization and psychological distress is more pronounced among US-born Asians, compared to non-Hispanic Whites.

Design: We analyzed cross-sectional survey data from the 10-31 March 2020 wave of the Understanding America Survey, a nationally representative survey of adults in the US.

The "Let's Talk!" Conference: A Culture-Specific Community Intervention for Asian and Asian American Student Mental Health.

Asian and Asian American students face culture-specific mental health risk factors, and the current study aims to examine whether a culture-specific community intervention in the form of a conference is an effective modality for psychoeducation in the Asian American community. Participants were assessed for reported changes in knowledge, attitudes, and behavior intentions related to mental health after attending the conference. A total of 118 conference participants filled out the survey.

Preliminary efficacy of AWARE in college health service centers: A group psychotherapy intervention for Asian American women.

Asian Women's Action for Resilience and Empowerment (AWARE) is a psychotherapy intervention designed to improve the mental health of Asian American women. This study documented the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of AWARE at three university health service centers in Massachusetts. : 174 female Asian American college/graduate students were screened, and 48 (64%) met the eligibility criteria and enrolled in the study.

Geographic origin and evolutionary history of China's two predominant HIV-1 circulating recombinant forms, CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC.

To determine the origin and evolutionary history of two predominant and closely-related circulating recombinant forms (CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC), recombinant structures and phylogenies of 7 unique recombinant forms comprised of subtypes of B' (Thai B linage) and C (designated URFs_BC) from archival specimens of injection drug users (IDUs) collected in 1996 to 1998 from western Yunnan and 4 circulating recombinant forms with B'/C recombinants recently identified (designated nCRFs_BC) in China were compared with those of CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC. The results showed that 5 of 7 URFs_BC and all the nCRFs_BC shared recombination breakpoints with CRF07_BC and/or CRF08_BC. Yunnan URFs_BC consistently occupied the basal branch positions compared with CRF07_BC, CRF08_BC, and nCRFs_BC in phylogenetic trees.

The sexually driven epidemic in youths in China's southwestern border region was caused by dynamic emerging multiple recombinant HIV-1 strains.

Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province on China's southwestern border was the gateway of the country's AIDS epidemic. Studies on HIV-1 molecular epidemiology will provide key information on virus transmission dynamics and help to inform HIV prevention strategies. HIV-1 infected youths (age 16-25 years) diagnosed in the continuous 3 months in 2009 to 2012 were enrolled.

Estimating HIV-1 Transmission Routes for Patients With Unknown Risk Histories by Viral Sequence Phylogenetic Analyses.

Objective: To estimate routes of transmission among HIV-infected persons with unknown-risk histories in China.

Design/method: All newly reported cases of HIV infection between year 1985 and 2009 were obtained from the National Databank of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC). A large number of unknown-risk HIV-positive samples were found.

Reductions in virological failure and drug resistance in Chinese antiretroviral-treated patients due to lamivudine-based regimens, 2003-12.

Background: China's National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program (NFATP) has significantly scaled up and standardized treatment since 2008. Meanwhile, no study worldwide has examined on a large scale the effects of rapid ART programme scale-up on treatment outcomes in resource-limited settings.

Methods: We used China's national HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) surveillance database to determine virological failure, acquired drug resistance and poor adherence rates after 12-15 months of first-line ART.

HIV virological failure and drug resistance among injecting drug users receiving first-line ART in China.

Objective: To explore HIV virological failure and drug resistance among injecting drug users (IDUs) receiving first-line antiretroviral treatment (ART) in China.

Design: A series of cross-sectional surveys from 2003 to 2012 from the Chinese National HIV Drug Resistance (HIVDR) Surveillance and Monitoring Network.

Setting: China.

HIV-infected female sex workers' high risk behavior and attitude changes in Kaiyuan City, Yunnan Province, China.

Objective: To investigate the attitude and sexual behavior status and change among HIV positive female workers in entertainment sites in Kaiyuan city, Yunnan province, China. The key information should be applied in the integrated intervention program in future.

Methods: A cohort survey among HIV positive female workers was conducted during 12 months, between 2010 and 2012.

Virological outcomes and drug resistance in Chinese patients after 12 months of 3TC-based first-line antiretroviral treatment, 2011-2012.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of virological failure and HIV drug resistance among Chinese patients one year after initiating lamivudine-based first-line antiretroviral treatment.

Methods: A prospective cohort study with follow-up at 12 months was conducted in four urban sentinel sites in China. Antiretroviral naive patients ≥18 years old were recruited.

Near full-length genome characterization of a new CRF01_AE/CRF08_BC recombinant transmitted between a heterosexual couple in Guangxi, China.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype CRF01_AE is transmitted mainly by sexual activity in Guangxi, southwestern China. Other subtypes, including CRF07_BC, CRF08_BC, and subtype B, are also prevalent in this region. Cocirculation of multiple subtypes, as well as a high rate of drug use, creates favorable conditions for the emergence of recombinant viruses in Guangxi.

Comparison of three intervention models for promoting circumcision among migrant workers in western China to reduce local sexual transmission of HIV.

Objective: Three models for promoting male circumcision (MC) as a preventative intervention against HIV infection were compared among migrant worker populations in western China.

Methods: A cohort study was performed after an initial cross-sectional survey among migrant workers in three provincial level districts with high HIV prevalence in western China. A total of 1,670 HIV seronegative male migrants were cluster-randomized into three intervention models, in which the dissemination of promotional materials and expert- and volunteer-led discussions are conducted in one, two, and three stage interventions.

The rapidly expanding CRF01_AE epidemic in China is driven by multiple lineages of HIV-1 viruses introduced in the 1990s.

Objectives: We sought to comprehensively analyze the origin, transmission patterns and sub-epidemic clusters of the HIV-1 CRF01_AE strains in China.

Methods: Available HIV-1 CRF01_AE samples indentified in national molecular epidemiologic surveys were used to generate near full-length genome (NFLG) sequences. The new and globally available CRF01_AE NFLG sequences were subjected to phylogenetic and Bayesian molecular clock analyses, and combined with epidemiologic data to elucidate the history of CRF01_AE transmission in China.

Incidence and associated factors of HIV drug resistance in Chinese HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral treatment.

Background: A critical indicator of the future success of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is the incidence of HIV drug resistance, which has not been studied in China on the national scale.

Methods: HIV drug resistance baseline survey was conducted in the eight provinces with the largest numbers of patients on HAART in 2009, and a prospective cohort study with 12-month follow-up was completed in 2010. Patients completed an interviewer-administrated questionnaire and provided blood for CD4+ T-lymphocyte count (CD4 count), HIV viral load (VL), and HIV drug resistance genotyping.

A comprehensive mapping of HIV-1 genotypes in various risk groups and regions across China based on a nationwide molecular epidemiologic survey.

Background: China is experiencing a dynamic HIV/AIDS epidemic. While serology based surveillance systems have reported the spread of HIV/AIDS, detailed tracking of its transmission in populations and regions is not possible without mapping it at the molecular level. We therefore conducted a nationwide molecular epidemiology survey across the country.

Short communication: emerging transmitted HIV type 1 drug resistance mutations among patients prior to start of first-line antiretroviral therapy in middle and low prevalence sites in China.

It is known that transmitted drug resistance (TDR) will most likely emerge in regions where antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been widely available for years. However, after a decade of rapid scale-up of ART in China, there are few data regarding TDR among HIV-infected patients prior to initiating first-line ART in China. A prospective, observational cohort study was performed at sentinel sites in five provinces or municipalities.