Rates of Extreme Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia and Kernicterus in Children and Adherence to National Guidelines for Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment in Sweden.

Importance: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia can cause lifelong neurodevelopmental impairment (kernicterus) even in high-resource settings. A better understanding of the incidence and processes leading to kernicterus may help in the design of preventive measures.

Objectives: To determine incidence rates of hazardous hyperbilirubinemia and kernicterus among near-term to term newborns and to evaluate health care professional adherence to best practices.

Insufficient ketone body use is the cause of ketotic hypoglycemia in one of a pair of homozygotic twins.

Context: Childhood ketotic hypoglycemia (KH) is a disease characterized by fasting hypoglycemia and increased levels of ketone bodies. The cause is unknown.

Objective: The objective of the study was to study a pair of homozygotic twin boys, one of whom had severe KH from the age of 14 months, whereas the other boy was apparently healthy.