High-dose short-term chlorambucil for intractable sympathetic ophthalmia and Behçet's disease.

We treated five patients with intractable sympathetic ophthalmia and six patients with severe Behçet's disease by high-dose, short-term chlorambucil therapy. We used a total dose ranging from 306 mg to 4.2 g and a duration of therapy no longer than 36 weeks and in most cases less than 24 weeks.

A model for the effect of real leaks on the transport of microorganisms into a vacuum freeze-dryer.

This paper proposes a model for determining the effect that real leaks, whose flow is viscous in nature, could have on the microorganism density in a vacuum freeze-dryer during a drying process. The model considers the entry of microorganisms to result from real leaks stemming from an environment containing a known bioburden. A means for determining the relationship between the rate of pressure rise of the system (ROR) and the density of microorganisms in a system, stemming from an environment of a known bioburden, is examined.

CT appearance in tuberculous pancreatic abscess.

We report a case of a tuberculous pancreatic abscess in a 47-year-old human immunodeficiency virus positive intravenous drug abuser. She had a prolonged febrile course and persistent abdominal pain. On CT and sonography the lesion lacked the usual ancillary features of an abscess such as diffuse pancreatic enlargement and a peripancreatic fluid collection, and more closely resembled a necrotic neoplasm.

Sympathetic ophthalmia following neodymium:YAG cyclotherapy.

Neodymium:YAG cyclotherapy has been demonstrated to lower intraocular pressure dramatically in patients with uncontrolled glaucoma, with potentially fewer side-effects than cyclocryotherapy. We report the clinical course and histopathological features of a case of sympathetic ophthalmia occurring soon after YAG cyclotherapy.

AIDS-related angiomatosis.

We report multifocal cutaneous and mucosal vascular proliferations with the clinical and histological features of lobular capillary hemangioma and histiocytoid hemangioma in a 32-year-old acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient. The lesions resolved subsequent to erythromycin therapy.

Twenty cases of sympathetic ophthalmia.

We reviewed the charts of 20 patients with sympathetic ophthalmia who were seen in the uveitis clinic at the Eye and Ear Infirmary within an 11-year period. Of these 20 patients 14 maintained 20/50 or better visual acuity in at least one eye. We found early enucleation to be associated with a better visual prognosis, possibly due to earlier diagnosis and faster, more aggressive therapy rather than a reduction in antigenic load.

Angiosarcoma associated with foreign body material. A report of three cases.

The production of tumors through solid-state mechanisms has been demonstrated in experimental animals, but foreign body tumorigenesis has not been proven definitively in man. The authors report three patients with angiosarcoma that occurred in intimate association with foreign material retained for prolonged periods. Although several etiologic factors have been defined in angiosarcoma, foreign bodies generally are not appreciated to have this potential.

Observations on bronchiolo-alveolar carcinomas with special emphasis on localized lesions. A clinicopathological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical study of 11 cases.

Pathological and clinical features in early localized mucinous and nonmucinous bronchiolo-alveolar carcinomas (BAC) have not been adequately compared. In an attempt to characterize such lesions, we studied the clinicopathological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical features of three mucinous and eight nonmucinous BAC (four Clara cell, four Type II pneumocyte) along with one sheep pulmonary carcinoma (SPC). Tumor border, associated fibroplasia, tumor cell incohesion, lymphocytic infiltrate, T-lymphocytes, Langerhans cells (LC), and Leu-M1 and OC 125 immunoreactivity were evaluated.

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma presenting as a soft-tissue mass of the extremity.

An 87-year-old man was found to have a lymphoma in the deep soft tissue of the right shoulder with concomitant central nervous system involvement. There was no evidence of cutaneous, peripheral lymph node, mediastinal, abdominal, or bone marrow involvement. Light microscopic, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical evaluation characterized the neoplasm as a peripheral T-cell lymphoma.

Posterior sub-Tenon's injections of corticosteroids in uveitis patients with cystoid macular edema.

Cystoid macular edema (CME) is a major cause of visual impairment and is thought to be due to abnormal perifoveal capillary permeability. Posterior sub-Tenon's corticosteroid injections are used to improve the visual acuity in CME, although their mechanism of action is uncertain. In this study, visual acuity, blood retinal barrier (BRB) permeability, and fluorescein angiograms were recorded immediately before and one and four weeks after the administration of steroid injections.

Study of neuromotor reaction times under the influence of thyrotropin-releasing hormone.

Neuromotor reaction times (simple, choice, and decision) were measured when Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was administered intravenously to nine healthy men in a double-blind study. Measurements were made of simple reaction time, choice reaction time, and decision time for each subject at various intervals over a 54-hr. period.

Loss of myeloid differentiation antigens precedes blastic transformation in chronic myelogenous leukemia.

In order to determine whether antigenic patterns alter with disease progression and are thereby suggestive of impending blast crisis in chronic myelogenous leukemia, 50 bone marrow biopsy specimens from 32 patients were examined retrospectively using indirect immunoperoxidase labeling with three monoclonal antibodies that detect myeloid antigens. Monoclonal antibodies PMN13F6, PMN7C3, and PMN8C7 detect human neutrophil antigens that first appear at the myeloblast, promyelocyte, and metamyelocyte stages of differentiation, respectively, and persist throughout later differentiation. Percentages of antigen-positive bone marrow cells during the chronic phase were compared with percentages of antigen-positive cells at blast transformation, and time from bone marrow biopsy until blast crisis was correlated with the percentage of bone marrow cells expressing these antigens.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast. Data from the Connecticut Tumor Registry and a review of the literature.

The case records of the Connecticut Tumor Registry were reviewed from 1952-1982. There were 37 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast (ACC) from a total of 40,350 invasive breast tumors. Patient survival, complications, and pathologic sections were reviewed.

Effect of cyclosporin A immunosuppression on primary lymphotropic herpesvirus infection in the guinea pig.

Female guinea pigs pretreated for 2 days with cyclosporin A (CsA), were then inoculated intranasally (IN) or intraperitoneally (IP) with a lymphotropic herpesvirus (GPHLV) and followed by 4 additional daily doses of CsA. Immunosuppressed animals did not show lymphocytosis and virus infectivity titers in their spleen, cervical lymph node and blood mononuclear cells were lower than those of oil-treated controls. While IN-inoculated CsA-treated animals expressed higher virus infectivity titer in their lungs compared to oil-treated controls, this difference was not seen in the IP-inoculated groups.

Effect of inspiratory volume on intrathoracic pressure generated by an L-1 maneuver.

Since each muscle has an optimal length at which it can generate the maximum tension, an optimal inspiratory volume may exist for producing the maximum intrathoracic pressure during the L-1 maneuver. Intrathoracic pressures were measured in eight healthy men after they inspired various volumes of air and performed the L-1 straining maneuver in a 1-G environment. Both the peak and mean intrathoracic pressures increased at greater inspiratory volumes, except for the mean intrathoracic pressure at the highest volumes.

The effects of various antishock trouser inflation sequences on hemodynamics in normovolemic subjects.

In an attempt to maximize the hemodynamic effects of antishock trousers, a pair of such trousers was modified to a five-bladder trouser (one abdominal, two thigh, and two calf bladders) and inflated using three different inflation sequences. These three sequences were simultaneous inflation of all five bladders; concurrent inflation of the calf and thigh bladders and then inflation of the abdominal bladder (standard inflation); and sequential inflation of the calf, thigh, and abdominal bladders. Simultaneous inflation resulted in the greatest increase in blood pressure and the smallest increase in end-diastolic volume, stroke volume, and cardiac output.

The effects of inflation of antishock trousers on hemodynamics in normovolemic subjects.

Antishock trousers may maintain mean arterial pressure in trauma patients by increasing central blood volume and cardiac output. Hemodynamics, end-diastolic volume, stroke volume, cardiac output, and blood pressure were recorded in eight supine, healthy men in antishock trousers using two-dimensional echocardiography. Two inflation protocols were used.

Effect of dihydroergotamine on +Gz acceleration tolerance.

Dihydroergotamine is a potent vasoconstrictor of the venous capacitance vessels and has been shown to decrease blood pooling in patients with orthostatic hypotension. Acceleration acting on the long axis of the body (+Gz) pools blood into the lower body of the subject. Nine healthy men received an injection of 1 mg dihydroergotamine and 1 ml of saline intramuscularly in a randomised, double blind fashion, and had their Gz acceleration tolerances measured.

Hemodynamic effects of anti-G suit inflation in a 1-G environment.

This study evaluated effects of various anti-G inflation pressures on cardiac volumes and the relationship of these volume changes to mean arterial pressure changes. Ventricular volumes were calculated using two-dimensional echocardiography. An anti-G suit was inflated to 2, 4, and 6 psi in the standing and supine positions for 10 male subjects.

Effect of body inversion on hemodynamics determined by two-dimensional echocardiography.

The purpose of this study was to determine if head-down inversion of normal men from a supine position would increase blood return to the heart. Eight healthy, normovolemic men were placed into 10 degrees, 30 degrees, 60 degrees, and 90 degrees head-down tilt positions. BP and two-dimensional echocardiograms were recorded at the supine baseline and immediately after inversion.

Transmission of maternal cytomegalovirus-specific immunity in the guinea pig.

The prenatal and perinatal transmission of maternal cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific immunity was studied in the guinea pig by cross-fostering newborns of seropositive and seronegative mothers. Resistance to CMV was assessed by challenging the newborn and adult offspring with sublethal doses of CMV and following the course of their acute CMV disease. Newborns were found to acquire detectable CMV antibody via the placental route but not the breast milk route.