Loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays for the detection of antimicrobial resistance elements in Vibrio cholera.

Background: The bacterium Vibrio cholerae causes diarrheal illness and can acquire genetic material leading to multiple drug resistance (MDR). Rapid detection of resistance-conferring mobile genetic elements helps avoid the prescription of ineffective antibiotics for specific strains. Colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays provide a rapid and cost-effective means for detection at point-of-care since they do not require specialized equipment, require limited expertise to perform, and can take less than 30 min to perform in resource limited regions.

Sexual exploitation, abuse and harassment in humanitarian contexts.

Considerable investment has been made in recent years to address sexual exploitation, abuse and harassment by aid workers in the humanitarian sector. However, such sexual misconduct remains a persistent, complex challenge with wide-ranging impacts, including on sexual health, for individuals and communities hosting humanitarian responses. This article considers the state of research regarding sexual exploitation, abuse and harassment in humanitarian contexts, and identifies gaps in the evidence base necessary for reinforcing prevention and response efforts.

System-Wide, Electronic Health Record-Based Medication Alerts for Appropriate Prescribing of Direct Oral Anticoagulants: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: While direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have improved oral anticoagulation management, inappropriate prescribing remains prevalent and leads to adverse drug events. Antithrombotic stewardship programs seek to enhance DOAC prescribing but require scalable and sustainable strategies.

Objective: We present a pilot, prescriber-level randomized controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of electronic health record (EHR)-based medication alerts in a large health system.

The impact of a web-based prognostic calculator on prognostic confidence in outpatient palliative care.

Purpose: Clinicians are often uncertain about their prognostic estimates, which may impede prognostic communication and clinical decision-making. We assessed the impact of a web-based prognostic calculator on physicians' prognostic confidence.

Methods: In this prospective study, palliative care physicians estimated the prognosis of patients with advanced cancer in an outpatient clinic using the temporal, surprise, and probabilistic approaches for 6 m, 3 m, 2 m, 1 m, 2 w, 1 w, and 3 d.

Pancreatitis pain quality changes at year 1 follow-up, but GP130 remains a biomarker for pain.

Background/objectives: Debilitating abdominal pain is a common symptom affecting patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP). CP pain is dynamic due to multiple underlying mechanisms. The objective of this study was to 1) evaluate changes in pain phenotype at one year follow-up and 2) validate putative pain biomarkers in a prospective cohort study.

Predictive Biomarkers of Dyspnea Response to Dexamethasone and Placebo in Cancer Patients.

Context: In the Alleviating Breathlessness in Cancer Patients with Dexamethasone (ABCD) trial, dexamethasone did not improve dyspnea more than placebo in unselected cancer patients. However, it is unclear if patients with greater inflammation would be more likely to derive a treatment response.

Objectives: To examine the predictive utility of cytokines for dyspnea response.

Multiparametric MRI Scoring System of the Pancreas for the Diagnosis of Chronic Pancreatitis.

Background: Ductal features alone may not offer high diagnostic sensitivity or most accurate disease severity of chronic pancreatitis (CP).

Purpose: Diagnose CP based on multiparametric MRI and MRCP features.

Study Type: Prospective.

Maternal symptoms of prenatal depression predict context-incongruent negative emotion in infants.

Prenatal symptoms of depression in mothers are associated with infants' emotional reactivity. Context-incongruent reactivity, comprising mismatches between the eliciting context and emotional reactions, predicts negative long-term socioemotional outcomes in children. However, the etiology of context-incongruent reactivity is largely unknown, obscuring a full understanding of its potential role as a vulnerability in models outlining the transmission of risk for emotion difficulties from mothers to offspring.

Gene Expression Analysis before and after the Pelvic Flexure in the Epithelium of the Equine Hindgut.

Previous research demonstrated the distribution of distinct microbial communities in the equine hindgut surrounding the pelvic flexure. The current study evaluated gene expression in epithelial tissues surrounding the pelvic flexure to characterize patterns that might correlate with microbial distribution. Gene expression was determined by analyzing RNA sequence data from the pelvic flexure, the left and right ventral colon, and the left and right dorsal colon.

A social media game to increase physical activity among older adult women: protocol of a randomized controlled trial to evaluate CHALLENGE.

Background: Older adult women often do not engage in sufficient physical activity (PA) and can encounter biological changes that exacerbate the negative effects of inadequate activity. Wearable activity monitors can facilitate PA initiation, but evidence of sustained behavior change is lacking. Supplementing wearable technologies with intervention content that evokes enjoyment, interest, meaning, and personal values associated with PA may support long term adherence.

Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase Activity Increases Cisplatin Efficacy to Eliminate Metastatic Cells in Pediatric Liver Cancers.

Unlabelled: The pediatric liver cancers, hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, are dangerous cancers which often spread to the lungs. Although treatments with cisplatin significantly improve outcomes, cisplatin may not eliminate metastasis-initiating cells. Our group has recently shown that the metastatic microenvironments of hepatoblastoma contain Cancer Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) and neuron-like cells, which initiate cancer spread from liver to lungs.

Confirmation and inheritance of glufosinate resistance in an population from North Carolina.

A putative glufosinate-resistant population was reported in 2015 in Anson County, North Carolina. The results from dose-response assays conducted in the field suggested plants were surviving lethal rates of glufosinate. Dose-response assays conducted in the glasshouse determined the Anson County accession exhibited reduced susceptibility to glufosinate compared to three glufosinate-susceptible populations.

Dynamic Single Cell Transcriptomics Defines Kidney FGF23/KL Bioactivity and Novel Segment-Specific Inflammatory Targets.

Unlabelled: FGF23 via its coreceptor αKlotho (KL) provides critical control of phosphate metabolism, which is altered in rare and very common syndromes, however the spatial-temporal mechanisms dictating renal FGF23 functions remain poorly understood. Thus, developing approaches to modify specific FGF23-dictated pathways has proven problematic. Herein, wild type mice were injected with rFGF23 for 1, 4 and 12h and renal FGF23 bioactivity was determined at single cell resolution.

Identification of a Single-Dose, Low-Flip-Angle-Based CBV Threshold for Fractional Tumor Burden Mapping in Recurrent Glioblastoma.

Background And Purpose: DSC-MR imaging can be used to generate fractional tumor burden (FTB) maps via application of relative CBV thresholds to spatially differentiate glioblastoma recurrence from posttreatment radiation effects (PTRE). Image-localized histopathology was previously used to validate FTB maps derived from a reference DSC-MR imaging protocol by using preload, a moderate flip angle (MFA, 60°), and postprocessing leakage correction. Recently, a DSC-MR imaging protocol with a low flip angle (LFA, 30°) with no preload was shown to provide leakage-corrected relative CBV (rCBV) equivalent to the reference protocol.

Evaluation of Weed Species for Host Status to the Root-Knot Nematodes and Race 4.

Weeds that compete with valuable crops can also host plant-parasitic nematodes, acting as a source of nematode inoculum in a field and further damaging crops. The host status of 10 weed species commonly found in North Carolina, USA, was determined for the root-knot nematodes and race 4 in the greenhouse. Each weed species was challenged with 5,000 eggs/plant of either or race 4, with five replicate plants per treatment in two separate greenhouse trials.

CCR2-dependent CX3CR1+ colonic macrophages promote dissemination.

Enterococci are common commensal bacteria that colonize the gastrointestinal tracts of most mammals, including humans. Importantly, these bacteria are one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections. This study examined the role of colonic macrophages in facilitating infections in mice.

Using randomized controlled trials to ask questions regarding developmental psychopathology: A tribute to Dante Cicchetti.

Dante Cicchetti, the architect of developmental psychopathology, has influenced so many of us in profound ways. One of his many contributions was in demonstrating the power of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to study the effects of Child-Parent Psychotherapy (CPP). These RCTs have shed light on causal mechanisms in development.

Healthcare providers' use of a concise summary to prescribe for lactating patients.

Background: Most breastfeeding individuals take at least one prescription drug, yet limited data from lactation studies are available to inform the safety of these drugs during breastfeeding. As a result, healthcare providers (HCPs) rely on available information about safety of drugs used during pregnancy or on personal experiences to inform prescribing/counseling decisions for breastfeeding individuals. To improve risk communication regarding drugs used during lactation, the U.

Reducing Initial Loss to Follow-up Among People With Bacteriologically Confirmed Tuberculosis: LINKEDin, a Quasi-experimental Study in South Africa.

Every person diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) needs to initiate treatment. The World Health Organization estimated that 61% of people who developed TB in 2021 were included in a TB treatment registration system. Initial loss to follow-up (ILTFU) is the loss of persons to care between diagnosis and treatment initiation/registration.

A cluster of neuropeptide S neurons regulates breathing and arousal.

Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a highly conserved peptide found in all tetrapods that functions in the brain to promote heightened arousal; however, the subpopulations mediating these phenomena remain unknown. We generated mice expressing Cre recombinase from the Nps gene locus (Nps) and examined populations of NPS+ neurons in the lateral parabrachial area (LPBA), the peri-locus coeruleus (peri-LC) region of the pons, and the dorsomedial thalamus (DMT). We performed brain-wide mapping of input and output regions of NPS+ clusters and characterized expression patterns of the NPS receptor 1 (NPSR1).