Preoperative Assessment of a Patient Undergoing Bariatric Surgery.

Over the past few decades, obesity rates in the United States have risen drastically, and with this, there has been a rising demand for bariatric surgery. As such, anesthesiologists need to be familiar with the challenges presented by patients seeking bariatric surgery. Obesity causes pathophysiologic changes which may affect decision-making during the management of these patients.

Light-Controlled Switching of Perylene Bisimide Assemblies.

Light-driven changes in supramolecular interactions in perylene bisimides (PBIs) with pendant sulfur-containing functional groups at the bay position are demonstrated. In the ground state, a noncovalent S···X interaction between the σ-hole on sulfur and a heteroatom, X (X = O, N, S), of a neighboring molecule is the main driving force for intermolecular interactions, while in the excited state it is the π-π interaction between PBI scaffolds which drives assembly. The presence of heteroatoms in the solvent results in acceleration of the π-stacking process via the formation of a PBI-solvent complex.

Effect of Oxidation on the Chiroptical Properties of Sulfur-Bridged Binaphthyl Dimers.

A series of axially chiral sulfur-bridged dimers were prepared from 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diol and subsequently oxidized to the respective sulfones. The chiroptical properties of the chiral chromophores were studied as a function of the oxidation state. Upon oxidation, an increase in quantum yields was observed for directly linked sulfur bridged binaphthyls (0.

Control of photoluminescence quantum yield and long-lived triplet emission lifetime in organic alloys.

Two-component crystalline organic alloys with a wide range of compositional ratios (from 30% to 90% of one component) are employed to tune excited-state lifetimes and photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs). Alloy crystals exhibit homogeneous distribution of parent compounds by X-ray crystallography and differential scanning calorimetry. The alloys display a 1.

Sulfur-bridged chromophores for photofunctional materials: using sulfur oxidation state to tune electronic and structural properties.

The use of a heteroatom, such as sulfur, as a linker or bridge, in π-conjugated materials has advantages over purely carbon-based ones due to the accessibility of higher oxidation states as a result of hypervalence. Materials containing a sulfide bridge (S) can be systemically oxidized into sulfoxides (SO) and sulfones (SO), each of which can then influence how a material interacts with light, playing a large role in dictating the photophysical and sometimes photochemical properties. In this perspective, we summarize the progress that our group and others have made, showing how oxidation of a sulfur bridge in symmetric bichromophoric dimers and in diimine ligands can influence the excited state behavior in organic π-conjugated materials and metal complexes.

Control over the Aspect Ratio of Supramolecular Nanosheets by Molecular Design.

Recent developments in kinetically controlled supramolecular polymerization permit control of the size (i.e., length and area) of self-assembled nanostructures.

Dynamic anti-counterfeiting security features using multicolor dianthryl sulfoxides.

A new concept for difficult-to-replicate security inks for use in advanced anti-counterfeiting applications is presented. Inks fabricated from a mixture of photoactive dyes result in a unique fluorescent color upon irradiation that differs from the starting fluorescence. The dyes are substituted 9,9'-dianthryl sulfoxides that undergo photochemical extrusion of a sulfoxide moiety (SO) to produce emissive red, blue, and green emitters.

Using sulfur bridge oxidation to control electronic coupling and photochemistry in covalent anthracene dimers.

Covalently tethered bichromophores provide an ideal proving ground to develop strategies for controlling excited state behavior in chromophore assemblies. In this work, optical spectroscopy and electronic structure theory are combined to demonstrate that the oxidation state of a sulfur linker between anthracene chromophores gives control over not only the photophysics but also the photochemistry of the molecules. Altering the oxidation state of the sulfur linker does not change the geometry between chromophores, allowing electronic effects between chromophores to be isolated.

Interactions of Subjective and Objective Measures of Fatigue Defined in the Context of Brain Control of Locomotion.

Background: Fatigue adversely impacts quality of life in old age. The relationship between subjective and objective measurements of fatigue, however, is poorly understood. We examined whether subjective fatigue moderated the expression of objective fatigue during locomotion.

White Matter Hyperintensities in Older Adults and Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome.

Introduction: Motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome is a recently described pre-dementia syndrome characterized by slow gait and cognitive complaints that has been implicated as a predictor of cognitive decline and dementia in older adults. Previous work suggests that cerebrovascular disease is associated with MCR. White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are postulated to be a product of cerebrovascular disease, and have been associated with impaired mobility and impaired cognition.

Functional connectivity associated with gait velocity during walking and walking-while-talking in aging: a resting-state fMRI study.

Gait decline is common among older adults and is a risk factor for adverse outcomes. Poor gait performance in dual-task conditions, such as walking while performing a secondary cognitive interference task, is associated with increased risk of frailty, disability, and death. Yet, the functional neural substrates that support locomotion are not well established.

Hospitalizations in children with preexisting tracheostomy: a national perspective.

Objectives/hypothesis: To describe the reasons for hospitalization and characteristics of children with preexisting tracheostomy and to compare hospital utilization between children with and without tracheostomy.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Children with tracheostomy were selected in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids' Inpatient Database 2009 using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes.

Indications, Hospital Course, and Complexity of Patients Undergoing Tracheostomy at a Tertiary Care Pediatric Hospital.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to review inpatients undergoing tracheostomies at a tertiary care pediatric hospital in a 24-month period and to identify the indications, comorbidities, hospital course, patient complexity, and predischarge planning for tracheostomy care. The goal was to analyze these factors to highlight potential areas for improvement.

Study Design: Case series with chart review.

Optimal duration of cooling for an acute scald contact burn injury in a porcine model.

The Australian and New Zealand Burn Association recommend 20 minutes of cold running tap water as burn first aid. Scientific evidence for the optimal duration of treatment is limited. Our aim was to establish the optimal duration of cooling using cold running tap water to treat the acute burn.

Assessment of cooling on an acute scald burn injury in a porcine model.

The current Australian and New Zealand Burn Association (ANZBA) recommended Burns First Aid Treatment is place the burn under cool running water for 20 minutes. Wet towels and water spray also have been used frequently. No scientific data exist to compare the effectiveness of these methods of cooling.