Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep
December 2024
Purpose: Arthrographis kalrae is an opportunistic fungus that can cause a severe and atypical endophthalmitis. In limited studies, low-dose povidone iodine has been shown to be effective in treating fulminant bacterial endophthalmitis. In this case report, we describe the successful treatment of recalcitrant keratitis-associated endophthalmitis with intraocular povidone iodine during pars plana vitrectomy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To evaluate the published literature on the efficacy of amniotic membrane grafting (AMG) in the management of acute chemical and thermal ocular surface burns with respect to the rate of corneal re-epithelialization and improvement of visual acuity or corneal clarity.
Methods: Literature searches were conducted in the PubMed database in May 2023 and updated in January 2024 and were limited to the English language without date restrictions. The searches yielded 474 citations; 58 were reviewed in full text, and 9 met the inclusion criteria.
Inhibition stabilization enables cortical circuits to encode sensory signals across diverse contexts. Somatostatin-expressing (SST) interneurons are well-suited for this role through their strong recurrent connectivity with excitatory pyramidal cells. We developed a cortical circuit model predicting that SST cells become increasingly important for stabilization as sensory input strengthens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To review the published literature on the safety and outcomes of keratolimbal allograft (KLAL) transplantation and living-related conjunctival limbal allograft (lr-CLAL) transplantation for bilateral severe/total limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD).
Methods: Literature searches were last conducted in the PubMed database in February 2023 and were limited to the English language. They yielded 523 citations; 76 were reviewed in full text, and 21 met the inclusion criteria.
Multicentric carpotarsal osteolysis syndrome (MCTO) is a rare skeletal disorder characterized by progressive osteolysis involving the carpal and tarsal bones, and often associated with nephropathy. It is caused by heterozygous mutation in the MAF bZIP transcription factor B (MAFB) gene. Heterogeneous clinical manifestation and wide spectrum of disease severity have been observed in patients with MCTO.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study evaluated the tolerability and efficacy of the topical rho-kinase inhibitor netarsudil for canine primary corneal endothelial degeneration (PCED). Twenty-six eyes of 21 client-owned dogs with PCED were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, vehicle control clinical trial and received topical netarsudil 0.02% (Rhopressa®) or vehicle control twice daily (BID) for the first 4 months.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: It remains uncertain which endothelial keratoplasty (EK) technique yields the best outcomes while maintaining safety, particularly in eyes with coexisting ocular conditions. Moreover, the impact of endothelial cell loss (ECL) on long-term graft survival requires further investigation. Adjuvant ripasudil, a rho kinase inhibitor, may address the challenge of ECL in corneal transplantation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To review the published literature on the diagnostic capabilities of the newest generation of corneal imaging devices for the identification of keratoconus.
Methods: Corneal imaging devices studied included tomographic platforms (Scheimpflug photography, OCT) and functional biomechanical devices (imaging an air impulse on the cornea). A literature search in the PubMed database for English language studies was last conducted in February 2023.
Objectives: There is little data on renal relapse in childhood-onset LN (cLN). We investigate the incidence, predictive factors and outcomes related to renal relapse.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all cLN diagnosed at ≤18 years between 2001-2021 to investigate the incidence and outcomes related to renal relapse.
Efficient sensory processing requires the nervous system to adjust to ongoing features of the environment. In primary visual cortex (V1), neuronal activity strongly depends on recent stimulus history. Existing models can explain effects of prolonged stimulus presentation but remain insufficient for explaining effects observed after shorter durations commonly encountered under natural conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe report a case of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) with concurrent forme fruste keratoconus (KCN) that was unmasked with Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) in the right eye, but not with Descemet-stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) in the left eye. The patient was a 65-year-old female with FECD who underwent uncomplicated combination cataract surgery and DMEK in the right eye. She subsequently developed intractable monocular diplopia associated with inferior displacement of the thinnest point of the cornea and subtle steepening noted on posterior corneal curvature on Scheimpflug tomography.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose Of Review: Cell-based therapies are an exciting new frontier in managing corneal diseases. The introduction of these novel therapies may provide new alternatives to corneal transplantation and decrease the dependence on donor corneal tissue. These changes have the potential to significantly impact eye banking in the future.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEfficient sensory processing requires the nervous system to adjust to ongoing features of the environment. In primary visual cortex (V1), neuronal activity strongly depends on recent stimulus history. Existing models can explain effects of prolonged stimulus presentation, but remain insufficient for explaining effects observed after shorter durations commonly encountered under natural conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTransl Vis Sci Technol
September 2022
Purpose: To define the normal range of central corneal thickness (CCT) and corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) and the effects of age, body weight, sex, and intraocular pressure (IOP) on these parameters.
Methods: Ophthalmic examinations were performed on 144 rhesus macaques without anterior segment pathology. The CCT was measured via ultrasound pachymetry (USP) and specular microscopy, and the ECD was semiautomatically and manually counted using specular microscopy.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of topical rho-kinase inhibitor ripasudil in the treatment of primary corneal endothelial degeneration (PCED) in dogs.
Methods: Twenty-one eyes of 12 client-owned, PCED-affected dogs received topical ripasudil 4 times daily. Ophthalmic examination, ultrasonic pachymetry (USP), Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT), and in vivo confocal microscopy were performed at baseline and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months.
Purpose Of Review: Eye bank processing of donor corneal tissue has helped to revolutionize and popularize newer corneal transplantation surgeries. In particular, Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) and Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) have benefited from eye banks preparing donor corneal tissue in advance of the surgery. As a result of these eye banking advances, surgeons have been able to rapidly adopt these new techniques.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrobial keratitis is a common cause of ocular pain and visual impairment worldwide. The ocular surface has a relatively paucicellular microbial community, mostly found in the conjunctiva, while the cornea would be considered relatively sterile. However, in patients with microbial keratitis, the cornea can be infected with multiple pathogens including , , and sp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Imaging features obtained with Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) for corneal stromal disorders have been sparsely reported in dogs. This case report is a compilation of imaging features for three cases of different stromal disorders of the canine cornea which have not yet been reported elsewhere.
Case Presentation: Lipid deposition in case 1 appeared as needle-shaped hyperreflective lines along the collagen lamellae, which correlated histologically with lipid clefts.
Objective: To describe the clinical findings, multimodal corneal imaging features and treatment in canine patients diagnosed with endotheliitis.
Animals Studied: Four canine patients met inclusion criteria for bilateral corneal disease with endothelial inflammation and secondary corneal edema that responded to topical anti-inflammatory treatment.
Methods: The patients selected underwent a complete ophthalmic examination with emphasis on the cornea including ultrasound pachymetry (USP), Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT), in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM), and digital slit lamp photography.
Objectives: Older surgical patients frequently develop postoperative complications due to their frailty and multiple comorbidities. Geriatric medicine consultation helps to optimize risk factors and improve outcomes in patients with hip fracture. This study aimed to evaluate patient outcomes before and after comanagement model implementation between geriatric medicine (Geriatric Surgical Service) and vascular surgery services.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: The incidence of fungal keratitis demonstrates significant geographic and climatic variation. We report on the characteristics of the potassium hydroxide/calcofluor white (KOH-CFW) preparation observed at a tertiary center in Northern California, a region with a low incidence of fungal keratitis.
Methods: Culture-proven cases of microbial keratitis during a 5-year period were retrospectively reviewed.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of histopathologically confirmed ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) in clinically diagnosed pterygium samples at a tertiary center in Northern California, over a 10-year period (2009-2019).
Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients older than 18 years with clinically diagnosed benign pterygium requiring excision was conducted. Clinically suspected pterygia were excised using standard techniques and routinely submitted to the University of California Davis for pathologic evaluation.