Impaired sleep-dependent memory consolidation in pediatric narcolepsy type 1.

Study Objectives: Disrupted nighttime sleep is common in pediatric narcolepsy type 1, yet its cognitive impact is unknown. As N2 sleep spindles are necessary for sleep-dependent memory consolidation, we hypothesized that narcolepsy type 1 impairs memory consolidation via N2 sleep fragmentation and N2 sleep spindle alterations.

Methods: We trained 28 pediatric narcolepsy type 1 participants and 27 healthy controls (HCs) on a spatial declarative memory task before a nocturnal in-lab polysomnogram and then gave them a cued recall test upon awakening in the morning.

Characterizing disrupted nighttime sleep and associated functional outcomes in youth with narcolepsy type 1.

Study Objectives: Disrupted nighttime sleep and sleep instability are common in children and adolescents with narcolepsy type 1, but optimal objective sleep measures have not been determined. We compared self-reported and objective sleep measures between young people with narcolepsy type 1 and healthy controls and test the hypotheses that the wake/non-rapid eye movement sleep stage 1 (N1) index is the best objective measure of perceived nocturnal wakings vs other disrupted nighttime sleep measures reported in the literature and is associated with daytime functional problems.

Methods: n = 26 healthy controls and n = 27 narcolepsy type 1 participants ages 8-21 years completed a 15-item habitual sleep quality survey and an in-lab polysomnogram.

Time is ticking for TikTok tics: A retrospective follow-up study in the post-COVID-19 isolation era.

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, an influx of adolescents presented worldwide with acute onset of functional tic-like behaviors (FTLBs). Our goal was to evaluate psychosocial factors around onset, to elucidate outcomes after pandemic isolation protocols were lifted, and to examine therapy and medication management.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed of 56 patients ages 10-18 years with new-onset FTLBs seen at Boston Children's Hospital beginning in March 2020.

Neurological and Psychological Sequelae Associated With Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children.

Importance: Acute neurological involvement occurs in some patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), but few data report neurological and psychological sequelae, and no investigations include direct assessments of cognitive function 6 to 12 months after discharge.

Objective: To characterize neurological, psychological, and quality of life sequelae after MIS-C.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional cohort study was conducted in the US and Canada.

Building a deeper understanding of social relationship health in adolescents with narcolepsy disorder.

Study Objectives: Common symptoms for patients with narcolepsy can have a significant impact on social health. As one peak for symptom onset is adolescence, these symptoms impact social relationships during a critical developmental period. Much of the existing literature in this domain has relied on broad questionnaires, with less insight into the nuances of patients' potential social struggles.

Tourettic OCD: Current understanding and treatment challenges of a unique endophenotype.

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and chronic tic disorders (CTD) including Tourette Syndrome (TS) are often comorbid conditions. While some patients present with distinct symptoms of CTD and/or OCD, a subset of patients demonstrate a unique overlap of symptoms, known as Tourettic OCD (TOCD), in which tics, compulsions, and their preceding premonitory urges are overlapping and tightly intertwined. The specific behaviors seen in TOCD are typically complex tic-like behaviors although with a compulsive and partially anxious nature reminiscent of OCD.

Development and Validation of the Pediatric Hypersomnolence Survey.

Background And Objectives: Narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia usually begin in early adolescence, but diagnostic delays ranging from 5 to 10 years are common, affecting disease burden. To improve early identification of these treatable conditions, we developed and validated the Pediatric Hypersomnolence Survey (PHS).

Methods: Content was developed through literature review, patient focus groups, interviews with experts in the field, and field testing.

Remote Assessment of Pediatric Patients with Daytime Sleepiness and Healthy Controls: A Pilot Study of Feasibility and Reliability.

We assessed the reliability of cognitive testing for children and adolescents ages 8 to 19 years of age with narcolepsy or subjective daytime sleepiness compared to healthy controls. Forty-six participants took part in the study ( = 18 narcolepsy type 1,  = 6 subjective daytime sleepiness, and  = 22 healthy controls). Participants completed verbal (vocabulary testing) and non-verbal intelligence quotient (IQ) tasks (block design, matrix reasoning) from the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence- Second Edition (WASI-II) in-person or remotely through a HIPAA compliant telehealth platform with conditions counterbalanced.

Remote Assessment of Cognition in Kids and Adolescents with Daytime Sleepiness: A pilot study of feasibility and reliability.

In this pilot study, we assessed the reliability of cognitive testing for kids and adolescents ages 8-19 years of age with narcolepsy or subjective daytime sleepiness compared to healthy controls. Forty-six participants took part in the study (n=18 with narcolepsy type 1, n=6 with subjective daytime sleepiness, and n= 22 healthy controls recruited from the community). Participants completed verbal (vocabulary testing) and non-verbal intelligence quotient (IQ) tasks (block design, matrix reasoning) from the Weschler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence-Second Edition (WASI-II) in-person or remotely in their home through a HIPAA compliant telehealth web platform with conditions counterbalanced.