Effects of Implementation and Enforcement Differences in Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs in 3 States: Connecticut, Kentucky, and Wisconsin.

Background And Aims: Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs) were designed to curb opioid misuse and diversion by tracking scheduled medications prescribed by medical providers and dispensed by pharmacies. The effects of PDMPs on opioid prescription, misuse and overdose rates have been mixed due in part to variability in states' PDMPs and difficulties measuring this complexity, and a lack of attention to implementation and enforcement of PDMP components. The current study uses qualitative interviews with key informants from 3 states with different PDMPs, Connecticut, Kentucky and Wisconsin to explore differences in the characteristics of the PDMPs in each state; how they are implemented, monitored and enforced; and unintended negative consequences of these programs.

Patient adherence with amlodipine, lisinopril, or valsartan therapy in a usual-care setting.

Objective: To compare the persistence and compliance in a usual-care setting with 3 drugs (amlodipine, lisinopril, or valsartan) from 3 different pharmaceutical classes.calcium-channel blocker, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, and angiotensin receptor blocker, respectively, commonly used to treat hypertension.

Methods: This retrospective observational study included a cohort of 142,945 continuously benefit-eligible patients from a pharmacy benefit manager drug claims database who began therapy with lisinopril, valsartan, or amlodipine.