Changes in gastrointestinal motility and gut hormone secretion after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy for individuals with severe obesity.

Background: Bariatric surgery is very effective in long-term weight management. The present study was undertaken to investigate the short-term effects of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on (a) gastrointestinal (GI) motility, that is gastric emptying and oro-cecal transit time and (b) secretion of regulatory gut peptides and (c) their interrelationship.

Methods: Prospective single-centre study in which we assessed gastric emptying, oro-cecal transit time and gut peptide release in 28 severely obese individuals before and 2, respectively, 12 months after bariatric surgery (either SG or RYGB).

Impact of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Fecal Microbiota in Individuals with Morbid Obesity.

Background: The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the etiology of obesity. Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is a frequently performed and effective therapy for morbid obesity.

Objective: To investigate the effect of sleeve gastrectomy on the fecal microbiota of individuals with morbid obesity and to examine whether shifts in microbiota composition are associated with markers of inflammation and intestinal barrier function.

Review on the Regional Effects of Gastrointestinal Luminal Stimulation on Appetite and Energy Intake: (Pre)clinical Observations.

Macronutrients in the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen are able to activate "intestinal brakes", feedback mechanisms on proximal GI motility and secretion including appetite and energy intake. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the current evidence with respect to four questions: (1) are regional differences (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) present in the intestinal luminal nutrient modulation of appetite and energy intake? (2) is this "intestinal brake" effect macronutrient specific? (3) is this "intestinal brake" effect maintained during repetitive activation? (4) can the "intestinal brake" effect be activated via non-caloric tastants? Recent evidence indicates that: (1) regional differences exist in the intestinal modulation of appetite and energy intake with a proximal to distal gradient for inhibition of energy intake: ileum and jejunum > duodenum at low but not at high caloric infusion rates. (2) the "intestinal brake" effect on appetite and energy appears not to be macronutrient specific.

Intestinal barrier function in morbid obesity: results of a prospective study on the effect of sleeve gastrectomy.

Background: Obesity has been associated with impaired intestinal barrier function. It is not known whether bariatric surgery leads to changes in intestinal barrier function. We hypothesized that obesity is associated with disturbances in gastrointestinal barrier function, and that after bariatric surgery barrier function will improve.