Constituents of bile, bilirubin and TUDCA, protect against oxidative stress-induced retinal degeneration.

Two constituents of bile, bilirubin and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), have antioxidant activity. However, bilirubin can also cause damage to some neurons and glial cells, particularly immature neurons. In this study, we tested the effects of bilirubin and TUDCA in two models in which oxidative stress contributes to photoreceptor cell death, prolonged light exposure and rd10+/+ mice.

Antagonism of vascular endothelial growth factor for macular edema caused by retinal vein occlusions: two-year outcomes.

Purpose: To determine the long-term effects of intraocular antagonism of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with macular edema caused by retinal vein occlusions (RVOs).

Design: Prospective randomized trial.

Participants: Twenty patients with macular edema caused by branch RVOs (BRVOs) and 20 patients with central RVOs (CRVOs).

Ranibizumab for macular edema due to retinal vein occlusions: implication of VEGF as a critical stimulator.

Macular edema is a major cause of vision loss in patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) or branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). It is not clear how much of the edema is due to hydrodynamic changes from the obstruction and how much is due to chemical mediators. Patients with macular edema due to CRVO (n = 20) or BRVO (n = 20) were randomized to receive three monthly injections of 0.

Impact of optical coherence tomography on surgical decision making for epiretinal membranes and vitreomacular traction.

Purpose: To compare retina surgeons' recommendations for management of epiretinal membranes (ERM) and vitreomacular traction (VMT) based on clinical assessment alone with management based on clinical evaluation supplemented by optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: A prospective, masked clinical case series was conducted. Surgeons first performed a complete history and physical examination on patients referred with the macular disorders under study without the benefit of adjunctive OCT, determined whether ERM, VMT, and/or macular edema were present, questionably present, or absent, and made a provisional management recommendation.

The impact of optical coherence tomography on surgical decision making in epiretinal membrane and vitreomacular traction.

Purpose: To compare retinal surgeons' recommendations for management of epiretinal membranes (ERM) and vitreomacular traction syndrome (VMT) based on clinical examination alone, with management based on examination supplemented by optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: A prospective, masked clinical case series was conducted. Surgeons first assessed, on the basis of clinical examination only, whether ERM, VMT, or macular edema was present, questionably present, or absent and made a provisional management recommendation.

Dynamic and quantitative analysis of choroidal neovascularization by fluorescein angiography.

Purpose: In this study, the authors sought to develop and characterize techniques for measuring changes in choroidal neovascularization (CNV) lesion size and fluorescence over time for quantitative analysis of fluorescein angiograms.

Methods: Initial assessment of the quantitative technique was made by retrospectively analyzing digital fluorescein angiograms taken before and 3 months after photodynamic therapy (PDT) for CNV (6 patients, group 1). The method was then applied prospectively to digital fluorescein angiograms (baseline and day 71) obtained on 12 patients taking part in a clinical trial investigating the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) Trap in CNV (group 2).

Panuveitis in association with pseudotumor cerebri.

We report a case of an 11-year-old girl with bilateral panuveitis in association with pseudotumor cerebri. The patient underwent complete ophthalmologic, neurologic, and laboratory evaluations and was treated with therapy for pseudotumor cerebri. The patient met the diagnostic criteria for pseudotumor cerebri and also had panuveitis.

Persistent diabetic macular edema is associated with elevated hemoglobin A1c.

Purpose: To assess the correlation between persistent diabetic macular edema and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C).

Design: Retrospective study.

Methods: Records of type 2 diabetic patients who received eye care for persistent clinically significant macular edema (CSME) from January 2002 to January 2004 were reviewed.

Supplemental oxygen improves diabetic macular edema: a pilot study.

Purpose: Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the most common cause of moderate visual disability in persons of working age in the United States. The pathogenesis of DME is poorly understood. In this study, the effect of retinal hypoxia in the development and maintenance of DME was investigated.