Apnea of prematurity: caffeine dose optimization.

Objectives: The primary objective was to evaluate the correlation between maintenance dose and response rates in neonates less than 28 weeks gestational age. Secondary objectives included clinical indicators of response (number of weight adjustments, dose increases, and mini-loads) and tachycardia associated with caffeine therapy.

Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of neonates admitted to the North Carolina Children's Hospital from August 2009 to August 2011.

Medication management in North Carolina elementary schools: Are pharmacists involved?

Objective: To determine the extent of pharmacist use in medication management, roles of school nurses, and use of other health care providers at elementary schools in North Carolina.

Methods: Prospective survey of 153 (130 public and 23 private) elementary schools in four counties of North Carolina. A 21-question survey was e-mailed to the head administrator of each school (e.

Students perceptions of the incorporation of games into classroom instruction for basic and clinical pharmacokinetics.

Objective: To develop classroom games as alternatives to traditional pharmacokinetic instruction.

Design: three classroom games were created for the following purposes: simple semester review, application of pharmacokinetics in a community-pharmacy setting, and development of critical thinking skills and concept application. All the games incorporated some degree of group activity.