Tracking of longitudinal changes in measures of benign prostatic hyperplasia in a population based cohort.

Purpose: We characterized how longitudinal changes in PSA, prostate size, maximum urinary flow rates and lower urinary tract symptoms track together over time.

Materials And Methods: In 1990, 2,115 white men, randomly selected from the Olmsted County, Minnesota population, completed validated questionnaires during a home visit by a study assistant. A 25% random subsample underwent clinical evaluation including transrectal ultrasonography, serum PSA and assessment of maximum urinary flow rates.

Correlations between longitudinal changes in transitional zone volume and measures of benign prostatic hyperplasia in a population-based cohort.

Objective: To determine whether measures of transitional zone volume (TZV) are more strongly associated than total prostate volume with longitudinal urologic outcomes.

Methods: In 1990, 2,115 randomly selected Caucasian men from Olmsted County, Minnesota (USA) completed validated questionnaires during a home visit. A 25% subsample underwent clinical evaluation that included transrectal ultrasonography, assessment of serum prostate-specific antigen levels, and maximum urinary flow rates.

Extinction of the human leukocyte antigen homozygosity effect after two doses of the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine.

We have reported associations between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) homozygosity and low measles antibody levels after one dose of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. Here, we examined associations between HLA homozygosity and immune responses to MMR after two doses of vaccine. We examined associations between HLA homozygosity and measles antibody levels in a group of 178 children (cohort 1) as well as associations between homozygosity and antibody levels and lymphoproliferative responses to MMR in 346 children (cohort 2).

The influence of neighborhood environment on the incidence of childhood asthma: a multilevel approach.

Some ecological analyses suggest an influence of neighborhood environment on asthma outcomes. However, no previous study has applied a multilevel approach to assess an ecological effect of neighborhood environment on the incidence of childhood asthma accounting for individual risk factors. This study assessed the influence of neighborhood and individual-level factors on the incidence of childhood asthma among all children born in Rochester, Minnesota, between 1976 and 1979.

Agreement between patient reports of cardiovascular disease and patient medical records.

Objective: To determine how well patient-reported cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD risk factor information agrees with medical record information.

Methods: Information from Patient/Family History (PFH) questionnaires completed between 1996 and 1999 by residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, aged 20 years and older was compared with information available through the Mayo Clinic medical diagnostic index. Positive and negative agreement values were calculated by comparing agreement between the 2 data sources.

Chronological development of elevated aminotransferases in a nonalcoholic population.

The incidence and risk factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have never been prospectively determined. To determine the frequency and risk factors of NAFLD and chronological ordering between NAFLD, weight gain, and features of insulin resistance, a historical cohort study was conducted in a Japanese workplace. A cohort free of previous liver injury, alcohol consumption of more than 140 g/wk, and hepatitis B or C infection (529 of 1537 subjects), and a subcohort of 287 subjects free of insulin resistance-related features were identified.

Pertussis vaccination and the risk of respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalization.

Background: Animal data suggest an association between recent vaccination with a pertussis-containing vaccine and increased severity of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. We sought to determine whether such an association exists in humans by studying a population-based cohort of young children.

Patients And Methods: We performed a nested case-control study of 280 children younger than 24 months of age hospitalized with RSV infection in Olmsted County, MN from January 1990 to December 1999.

The use of population and database resources in outcome-based research.

Many patient management decisions an otolaryngologist makes every day stem from good patient- and population-based evidence. This paper will explore the topic of population/database research and how these studies are useful. We also examine the current literature on this subject, explore the strengths and weaknesses of these studies and provide information on the practical aspects of performing this type of research.

Early life risk factors for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a population-based cohort study.

Objectives: To Identify risk factors for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to determine whether these factors differ between boys and girls.

Subjects And Methods: We conducted a case-control study of all children born between January 1, 1976, and December 31, 1982, in Olmsted County, Minnesota (N=5701), and examined birth certificates for risk factors for ADHD. Using school and medical records, we identified 305 children with ADHD.

Ventilator-associated lung injury in patients without acute lung injury at the onset of mechanical ventilation.

Objective: Although ventilation with small tidal volumes is recommended in patients with established acute lung injury, most others receive highly variable tidal volume aimed in part at normalizing arterial blood gas values. We tested the hypothesis that acute lung injury, which develops after the initiation of mechanical ventilation, is associated with known risk factors for ventilator-induced lung injury such as ventilation with large tidal volume.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Associations between measles antibody levels and the protein structure of class II human leukocyte antigens.

In this study, we describe associations between variation in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DP and DQ amino acid sequences and low measles antibody levels after measles immunization. We tested serum samples from 242 children for measles immunoglobulin G antibodies. We performed class II HLA typing and examined associations between DQ and DP exon 2 amino acid sequences and antibody levels.

The association of class I HLA alleles and antibody levels after a single dose of measles vaccine.

Despite the success of the current measles vaccine in controlling disease in industrialized countries, the importance of vaccine failure has become increasingly apparent. Our objective was to determine if associations exist between seronegativity after measles vaccination and class I human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles. We undertook a cross-sectional observational study in Rochester, Minnesota, with 242 school-age children previously recruited from a communitywide seroprevalence study.

Associations between human leukocyte antigen homozygosity and antibody levels to measles vaccine.

The association between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) homozygosity and measles antibody levels was assessed in a volunteer group of 242 children. Serum samples were tested for measles IgG antibodies, class I and class II HLA alleles were typed, and associations were examined between HLA homozygosity and antibody levels. Children who were homozygous for at least 1 locus were twice as likely to be seronegative (odds ratio, 1.

Child care program directors' level of knowledge about asthma and factors associated with knowledge.

Although asthmatic children spend a significant amount of time in child care programs, little is known about child care program directors' knowledge about asthma and what factors influence directors' level of knowledge about asthma. A telephone interview was conducted with directors of a randomly selected sample of all licensed child care centers and group day care homes in Connecticut. Directors of most child care programs were willing to admit asthmatic children to their programs, but their knowledge about asthma needs to be improved.

Association of parental vaccination reports with measles, mumps, and rubella protective antibody levels: comparison of Somali immigrant, Hispanic migrant, and US children in Rochester, Minn.

Objectives: To compare measles, mumps, and rubella antibody levels in Somali immigrant, Hispanic migrant, and US children in Rochester, Minn, and to determine whether parental vaccination reports predict seropositivity.

Subjects And Methods: From 1995 to 1997, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis using measles, mumps, and rubella antibody levels obtained from a sample of Somali, Hispanic, and Rochester children. Volunteers provided blood samples, vaccination histories, and demographic information.