Leveraging large-scale multi-omics evidences to identify therapeutic targets from genome-wide association studies.

Background: Therapeutic targets supported by genetic evidence from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) show higher probability of success in clinical trials. GWAS is a powerful approach to identify links between genetic variants and phenotypic variation; however, identifying the genes driving associations identified in GWAS remains challenging. Integration of molecular quantitative trait loci (molQTL) such as expression QTL (eQTL) using mendelian randomization (MR) and colocalization analyses can help with the identification of causal genes.

A Virtual Breakthrough Series Collaborative for Missed Test Results: A Stepped-Wedge Cluster-Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Missed test results, defined as test results not followed up within an appropriate time frame, are common and lead to delays in diagnosis and treatment.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a quality improvement collaborative, the Virtual Breakthrough Series (VBTS), on the follow-up rate of 2 types of test results prone to being missed: chest imaging suspicious for lung cancer and laboratory findings suggestive of colorectal cancer.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This stepped-wedge cluster-randomized clinical trial was conducted between February 2020 and March 2022 at 12 Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers, with a predefined 3-cohort roll-out.

Partnership as a Pathway to Diagnostic Excellence: The Challenges and Successes of Implementing the Safer Dx Learning Lab.

Background: Learning health system (LHS) approaches could potentially help health care organizations (HCOs) identify and address diagnostic errors. However, few such programs exist, and their implementation is poorly understood.

Methods: The authors conducted a qualitative evaluation of the Safer Dx Learning Lab, a partnership between a health system and a research team, to identify and learn from diagnostic errors and improve diagnostic safety at an organizational level.

A phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sarilumab in patients with giant cell arteritis.

Background: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is primarily treated with glucocorticoids (GCs), which have substantial toxicity. Tocilizumab, an interleukin-6-receptor inhibitor (IL-6Ri), showed beneficial effects in GCA, leading to its approval. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of sarilumab (another IL-6Ri) in GCA.

Sarilumab for Relapse of Polymyalgia Rheumatica during Glucocorticoid Taper.

Background: More than half of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica have a relapse during tapering of glucocorticoid therapy. Previous studies have suggested that interleukin-6 blockade may be clinically useful in the treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica. Sarilumab, a human monoclonal antibody, binds interleukin-6 receptor α and efficiently blocks the interleukin-6 pathway.

Managing Interruptions to Improve Diagnostic Decision-Making: Strategies and Recommended Research Agenda.

Interruptions are an inevitable occurrence in health care. Interruptions in diagnostic decision-making are no exception and can have negative consequences on both the decision-making process and well-being of the decision-maker. This may result in inaccurate or delayed diagnoses.

The mazing race: Effects of interruptions and benefits of interruption lags in a novel maze-like decision-making paradigm.

Interruptions are an inevitable, and often negative, part of everyday life that increase both errors and the time needed to complete even menial tasks. However, existing research suggests that being given time to prepare for a pending interruption-a lag time-can mitigate some of the interruption costs. To understand better why interruption lags are effective, we present a series of three experiments in which we develop and test a novel sequential decision-making paradigm, the mazing race.

Adapting to the algorithm: how accuracy comparisons promote the use of a decision aid.

In three experiments, we sought to understand when and why people use an algorithm decision aid. Distinct from recent approaches, we explicitly enumerate the algorithm's accuracy while also providing summary feedback and training that allowed participants to assess their own skills. Our results highlight that such direct performance comparisons between the algorithm and the individual encourages a strategy of selective reliance on the decision aid; individuals ignored the algorithm when the task was easier and relied on the algorithm when the task was harder.

COLOURED PATIENT FOLDERS: THE LITTLE THINGS MAKING A DIFFERENCE FOR THE BEDSIDE NURSE.

Jointly initiated by Monash Children's and The Royal Children's Hospital (RCH), The Victorian Children's Tool for Observation and Response project known as VICTOR (www.victor.org.

Using Decision Models to Enhance Investigations of Individual Differences in Cognitive Neuroscience.

There is great interest in relating individual differences in cognitive processing to activation of neural systems. The general process involves relating measures of task performance like reaction times or accuracy to brain activity to identify individual differences in neural processing. One limitation of this approach is that measures like reaction times can be affected by multiple components of processing.

Severe human parechovirus type 3 myocarditis and encephalitis in an adolescent with hypogammaglobulinemia.

Human parechovirus (HPeV) belongs to the Picornaviridae family of RNA viruses. HPeV infections can be asymptomatic, lead to mild respiratory and/or gastrointestinal symptoms, or less frequently cause severe diseases such as sepsis, meningitis, encephalitis, and myocarditis. Severe neurological HPeV infections occur most commonly in infants and neonates.

Adenosine A1 receptors (A1Rs) play a critical role in osteoclast formation and function.

Adenosine regulates a wide variety of physiological processes via interaction with one or more G-protein-coupled receptors (A(1)R, A(2A)R, A(2B)R, and A(3)R). Because A(1)R occupancy promotes fusion of human monocytes to form giant cells in vitro, we determined whether A(1)R occupancy similarly promotes osteoclast function and formation. Bone marrow cells (BMCs) were harvested from C57Bl/6 female mice or A(1)R-knockout mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates and differentiated into osteoclasts in the presence of colony stimulating factor-1 and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand in the presence or absence of the A(1)R antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentyl xanthine (DPCPX).