Exposure to Infliximab During Pregnancy: Post-Marketing Experience.

Background: Women of childbearing potential are often treated with monoclonal antibodies to control chronic and debilitating inflammatory diseases. Remicade (innovator infliximab [IFX]) may cross the placenta after the first trimester of pregnancy. Hence, evidence is needed to optimize treatment while carefully weighing benefits and risks to the mother and child.

Limited effects of the maternal rearing environment on the behaviour and fitness of an insect herbivore and its natural enemy.

The maternal rearing environment can affect offspring fitness or phenotype indirectly via 'maternal effects' and can also influence a mother's behaviour and fecundity directly. However, it remains uncertain how the effects of the maternal rearing environment cascade through multiple trophic levels, such as in plant-insect herbivore-natural enemy interactions. Pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) show differential fitness on host legume species, while generalist aphid parasitoids can show variable fitness on different host aphid species, suggesting that maternal effects could operate in a plant-aphid-parasitoid system.

Cell lineage tree models of neurogenesis.

The production of neurons to form the mammalian cortex, known as embryonic cortical neurogenesis, is a complex developmental process. Insight into the process of cell division during neurogenesis is provided by murine cortical cell lineage trees, recorded through experimental observation. Recurring patterns within cell lineage trees may be indicative of predetermined cell behaviour.

Behavioral and electrophysiological indices of negative affect predict cocaine self-administration.

The motivation to seek cocaine comes in part from a dysregulation of reward processing manifested in dysphoria, or affective withdrawal. Learning is a critical aspect of drug abuse; however, it remains unclear whether drug-associated cues can elicit the emotional withdrawal symptoms that promote cocaine use. Here we report that a cocaine-associated taste cue elicited a conditioned aversive state that was behaviorally and neurophysiologically quantifiable and predicted subsequent cocaine self-administration behavior.

Evolving mortal networks.

We discuss a class of models for the evolution of tree networks in which new nodes are recruited into the network at random times, and nodes already in the network may die at random times. Stochastic mechanisms for growth and death of the network that are either sensitive or insensitive to the coordination number or degree of nodes are studied using simulations and mean-field approximations. Critical behavior is observed in the long-time coordination number distribution of the system; associated exponents are universal in one part of parameter space, but depend on the ratio of birth and death parameters elsewhere.